China Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial 1 (C-Cost1)

Summary

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in China. Currently, its incidence rate is increasing at a rate of 4% per year, exceeding the global annual average growth rate. Screening and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions are key measures to reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer in China. In previous clinical studies, colorectal cancer screening in high risk population received extensive attention. However, it cannot be ignored that the majority of sporadic colorectal cancers occur in the average risk population. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new approach for colorectal cancer screening in the average risk population in China.

Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) initial screening followed by diagnostic colonoscopy is widely recommended by colorectal cancer screening guidelines worldwide. The current colorectal cancer screening approach faces challenges including limited sensitivity of initial screening technologies and insufficient population coverage in organized screening programs in China. As initial screening technologies, non-invasive blood tests which detects cfDNA methylation have been reported to have higher accuracy than FIT in detecting colorectal cancer. However, There is a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of colonoscopy, FIT and FIT plus blood test for colorectal cancer screening.

In China Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial 1 (C-Cost1), we propose to perform a multicenter, cluster randomized, parallel group trial directly comparing colonoscopy with FIT and with FIT plus blood test in the average risk population in China. The main research hypotheses are: (1) The screening protocol of FIT group (Group B) is non-inferior to the colonoscopy group (Group A) in the colorectal cancer mortality rate at 10 years; (2) The screening protocol of FIT plus blood test group (Group C) is non-inferior to the colonoscopy group (Group A) in the colorectal cancer mortality rate at 10 years. Both of the two hypotheses should be met.

Conditions

• Colorectal Cancer
• Advanced Adenoma

Interventions

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Blood test

Blood test based on cfDNA methylation will be performed.

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is used to examine the inner lining of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, if suspicious growths (e.g., polyps) are detected, they will be biopsied and sent for pathological examination.

DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

FIT

FIT stands for Fecal Immunochemical Test, a non-invasive screening tool used primarily to detect hidden blood in the stool, which may indicate colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps. Positive cut-off level: 100 ng/mL.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Zhejiang University

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SCREENING

Masking

NONE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

45 Years

Max Age

74 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-08-08

Primary Completion

2035-07-31

Completion

2035-07-31

Countries

• China

Study Locations