Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of Motor Imagery on Preventing Volleyball Players During Jumping and Landing (NCT NCT07009080)
NCT ID: NCT07009080
Last Updated: 2026-04-29
Results Overview
The flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Unilateral measurements were used. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value.
COMPLETED
NA
30 participants
From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeks
2026-04-29
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Solo Training
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
motor imagery: The researcher will explain to the players what MI is and how it works. Following the explanation, players will seated in a comfortable armchair facing the researcher, will ask to minimize distracting thoughts, and to be as mindful as possible without speaking for five minutes, and to imagine themselves executing the correct angles during a landing.
|
Group Training
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
motor imagery: The researcher will explain to the players what MI is and how it works. Following the explanation, players will seated in a comfortable armchair facing the researcher, will ask to minimize distracting thoughts, and to be as mindful as possible without speaking for five minutes, and to imagine themselves executing the correct angles during a landing.
|
Control Training
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
motor imagery: The researcher will explain to the players what MI is and how it works. Following the explanation, players will seated in a comfortable armchair facing the researcher, will ask to minimize distracting thoughts, and to be as mindful as possible without speaking for five minutes, and to imagine themselves executing the correct angles during a landing.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
motor imagery: The researcher will explain to the players what MI is and how it works. Following the explanation, players will seated in a comfortable armchair facing the researcher, will ask to minimize distracting thoughts, and to be as mindful as possible without speaking for five minutes, and to imagine themselves executing the correct angles during a landing.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
Total
n=30 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
|
17.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=10 Participants
|
16.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.08 • n=10 Participants
|
17.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.43 • n=10 Participants
|
17.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.57 • n=30 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
10 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Turkey
|
10 participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 participants
n=10 Participants
|
30 participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Playing position
Libero
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Playing position
Setter
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Playing position
Opposite hitter
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Playing position
outside hitter
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
|
Height
|
170.2 cms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.79 • n=10 Participants
|
168.4 cms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.57 • n=10 Participants
|
176.2 cms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.78 • n=10 Participants
|
171.6 cms
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.05 • n=30 Participants
|
|
Weight
|
60.3 kgs
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.96 • n=10 Participants
|
60.4 kgs
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.22 • n=10 Participants
|
63.4 kgs
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.99 • n=10 Participants
|
61.4 kgs
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.39 • n=30 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Unilateral measurements were used. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Hip Flexion During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-1.33 degrees
95% Confidence Interval 6.7 • Interval -7.59 to 4.93
|
5.1 degrees
95% Confidence Interval 11.1 • Interval -3.24 to 13.4
|
1.53 degrees
95% Confidence Interval 8.1 • Interval -1.6 to 4.66
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Unilateral measurement was used. During video recording, the athletes turned to their left side, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. This was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from the value at week 12.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Knee Flexion During Initial Contact.Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-3.89 Degrees
Interval -8.35 to 0.57
|
1.44 Degrees
Interval -6.31 to 9.19
|
-0.01 Degrees
Interval -0.3 to 0.28
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Right Knee Varus Degree During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-2.97 Degrees
Interval -5.55 to -0.39
|
-3.76 Degrees
Interval -6.18 to -1.34
|
-0.15 Degrees
Interval -0.47 to 0.17
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Left Knee Varus Degree During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-5.46 Degrees
Interval -7.76 to -3.16
|
-5.1 Degrees
Interval -7.81 to -2.39
|
-0.39 Degrees
Interval -0.95 to 0.17
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Ankle flexion analysis was performed using unilateral measurements. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from baseline. Baseline and 12-week values were used. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Ankle Flexion During Initial Contact. Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-6.08 Degrees
Interval -8.47 to -3.69
|
-0.19 Degrees
Interval -4.69 to 4.31
|
4.34 Degrees
Interval -5.84 to 14.5
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. unilateral measurements were used. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Hip Flexion During Full Contact.Baseline and 12 Weeks
|
-17.5 Degrees
Interval -26.9 to -8.07
|
-12.0 Degrees
Interval -24.4 to 0.35
|
-1.07 Degrees
Interval -2.93 to 0.79
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Unilateral measurement was used in the knee flexion analysis. During video recording, athletes turned to their left side and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the 12-week value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Knee Flexion During Full Contact. Beselina and 12 Weeks
|
-20.9 Degrees
Interval -33.3 to -8.65
|
-14.7 Degrees
Interval -28.7 to -0.74
|
-0.98 Degrees
Interval -2.64 to 0.68
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Right Knee Varus Degree During Full Contact: Baseline and 12. Weeks.
|
-9.74 Degrees
Interval -18.5 to -0.96
|
-8.52 Degrees
Interval -16.7 to -0.36
|
-1.21 Degrees
Interval -3.19 to 0.77
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players.Knee varus angle was measured separately for the right and left sides in a frontal view. The study aimed to report a change from the baseline value. The baseline and 12-week values were taken. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the varus angle.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Left Knee Varus Degree During Full Contact. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
-7.44 Degrees
Interval -12.2 to -2.66
|
-4.96 Degrees
Interval -8.73 to -1.19
|
-0.31 Degrees
Interval -1.21 to 0.59
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe flexion angles of the hip, knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle during jumping and landing will evaluated with the 'Dartfish Analysis System' as degree.This software possesses simultaneous recording and measurement capabilities and is compatible with mobile phones for installation. This software is employed as a clinical instrument to measure movement amplitude and velocity, biaxial spatial coordinates, and joint angles throughout movement in the volleyball players. Ankle flexion analysis was performed using unilateral measurements. During video recording, athletes turned to their left sides, and measurements were taken from the left side. The study aimed to report a change from baseline. Baseline and 12-week values were used. The 12-week value was subtracted from the baseline value to calculate the change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kinematic Analysis: Change in Ankle Flexion During Full Contact. Baseline and 12. Weeks.
|
-6.03 Degrees
Interval -10.5 to -1.52
|
-5.07 Degrees
Interval -8.16 to -1.98
|
-1.49 Degrees
Interval -4.76 to 1.78
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). Neurcognition index is calculated by average of all sub-scores. A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Neurocognition Index. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
7.13 scores on a scale
Interval -0.31 to 14.6
|
-1.29 scores on a scale
Interval -14.1 to 11.5
|
-0.33 scores on a scale
Interval -45.07 to 44.4
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Composite Memory. Beseline and 12. Weeks
|
8.33 scores on a scale
Interval -2.37 to 19.0
|
8.67 scores on a scale
Interval -16.8 to 34.1
|
-8.83 scores on a scale
Interval -40.1 to 22.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Verbal Memory. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
13.7 scores on a scale
Interval -2.61 to 30.0
|
9.78 scores on a scale
Interval -13.2 to 32.7
|
5.17 scores on a scale
Interval -13.9 to 24.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Visual Memory. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
1.33 scores on a scale
Interval -8.02 to 10.7
|
-2.33 scores on a scale
Interval -18.2 to 13.5
|
-6.33 scores on a scale
Interval -20.4 to 7.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Psychomotor Speed. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
7.67 scores on a scale
Interval -0.17 to 15.5
|
-6.8 scores on a scale
Interval -14.9 to 1.31
|
0.5 scores on a scale
Interval -25.3 to 26.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Reaction Time. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
11.6 scores on a scale
Interval 0.54 to 22.7
|
3.44 scores on a scale
Interval -16.4 to 23.2
|
-1.67 scores on a scale
Interval -18.1 to 14.72
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Complex Attention. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
-3.5 scores on a scale
Interval -20.5 to 13.5
|
1.13 scores on a scale
Interval -13.7 to 16.0
|
-14 scores on a scale
Interval -98.5 to 70.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Cognitive Flexibility. Baseline and 12. Weeks.
|
7.67 scores on a scale
Interval -7.63 to 23.0
|
4.11 scores on a scale
Interval -15.2 to 23.4
|
10 scores on a scale
Interval -23.9 to 43.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Processing Speed. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
10.7 scores on a scale
Interval -3.54 to 24.9
|
-6.3 scores on a scale
Interval -14.0 to 1.37
|
13.5 scores on a scale
Interval -36.9 to 63.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Executive Function. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
8.56 scores on a scale
Interval -5.69 to 22.8
|
0.2 scores on a scale
Interval -17.5 to 17.9
|
17.3 scores on a scale
Interval -24.9 to 59.4
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Social Acuity. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
-1 scores on a scale
Interval -12.6 to 10.6
|
6.1 scores on a scale
Interval -7.06 to 19.3
|
2.67 scores on a scale
Interval -14.6 to 20.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Reasoning. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
5.22 scores on a scale
Interval -11.2 to 21.6
|
4.67 scores on a scale
Interval -14.0 to 23.3
|
3.14 scores on a scale
Interval -10.0 to 16.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Working Memory. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
-0.86 scores on a scale
Interval -13.5 to 11.8
|
2.56 scores on a scale
Interval -8.35 to 13.5
|
14.7 scores on a scale
Interval -33.4 to 62.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Sustained Attention. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
1.86 scores on a scale
Interval -5.53 to 9.24
|
1.78 scores on a scale
Interval -11.3 to 14.8
|
11.3 scores on a scale
Interval -18.6 to 41.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Simple Attention. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
-24.9 scores on a scale
Interval -47.0 to -2.73
|
0.22 scores on a scale
Interval -18.9 to 19.3
|
10.8 scores on a scale
Interval -9.63 to 31.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: From baseline to the end of training at 12 weeksThe Computerized Neurocognitive Tests Vital Sign (CNSVS) test consists of 10 standardized neurocognitive tests: verbal memory test, visual memory test, finger tapping test, symbol digit coding test, stroop test (simple reaction test, complex reaction test, and stroop effect), shifting attention test, continuous performance test, perception of emotions test, non-verbal reasoning test, and 4-part continuous performance test. Calculated by value at 12 weeks minus value at baseline). A score greater than 109 indicates a high-functioning test subject; a score of 90-109 indicates normal function; a score of 80-89 indicates a slight deficit; a score of 70-79 indicates a moderate level of deficit or impairment; a score less than 70 indicates a deficit and impairment. The score scale is theoretically unbounded (from - to + infinity) due to its norm-referenced z-score basis, but in practice operates within effective minimum and maximum limits imposed by the normative data and scoring algoritihm
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Solo Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles , will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who won't be included in the study. Players in solo training group individually underwent the training.For standardization purposes, no questions will allowed during the training session. In the training session, players will be asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Group Training
n=10 Participants
Prior to the study, a video recording with the correct jump and landing kinematics, showing the correct hip, knee, and ankle flexion angles, will be recorded by the researchers. The video will be a minute long, consisting of front and side angles, and featured a professional volleyball player who will not included in the study. Players in the GT group underwent the training as a group in a quiet, climate-controlled room. For standardization purposes, no questions were allowed during the training session. In the training session, players were asked to watch the correct landing video at a slightly slower speed and contemplate the appropriate hip, knee, and ankle angles. Then, the researcher explained correct landing mechanics, while referring to the correct landing video, pointed out the common errors, and described how to correct them.The researcher then will explain to the players what MI is and how it works.
|
Control Training
n=10 Participants
Players only participate in evaluations
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Cognitive Functions - Motor Speed. Baseline and 12. Weeks
|
2.22 scores on a scale
Interval -0.94 to 5.39
|
-7.3 scores on a scale
Interval -18.2 to 3.64
|
2.38 scores on a scale
Interval -6.17 to 10.9
|
Adverse Events
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place