Trial Outcomes & Findings for Impact of Hip Strength Training on Jump and Throw Performance in Young Female Handball Players (NCT NCT06946459)
NCT ID: NCT06946459
Last Updated: 2026-06-30
Results Overview
Throwing velocity was measured using the Doppler radar gun (Bushnell Speedster III). Participants performed jump shots from behind the 9-meter line using the three-step technique. The average ball speed (km/h) from five valid throws to each corner of the goal was recorded. The radar gun was placed 4 meters behind the free throw line and aligned with the release height and target corner to ensure measurement accuracy.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
40 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline, Week 8
Results posted on
2026-06-30
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited between February and March 2025 from Üsküdar Municipality Sports Club, Cent College Sports Club, and Avcılar Municipality Sports Club in Istanbul. Female handball players aged 15-19 years were informed about the study procedures, and informed consent was obtained from both athletes and their legal guardians prior to participation.
Forty female handball players aged 15-19 years who met the inclusion criteria provided informed consent and completed baseline assessments. Participants were randomized into two groups (n=20 Hip Strength Exercise Training; n=20 Control). During the study, three athletes in each group discontinued due to injuries or missed sessions. The study was completed with 34 participants (17 in each group).
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
Control Group
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
20
|
20
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
17
|
17
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
3
|
3
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
Control Group
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
|
1
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
İnjury
|
2
|
3
|
Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Total
n=34 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
16 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
1 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
17 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
|
—
|
—
|
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Turkey
|
17 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=17 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=34 Participants
|
|
BMI
|
22.24 kg/m²
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.06 • n=17 Participants
|
22.14 kg/m²
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.60 • n=17 Participants
|
22.17 kg/m²
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.67 • n=34 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Throwing velocity was measured using the Doppler radar gun (Bushnell Speedster III). Participants performed jump shots from behind the 9-meter line using the three-step technique. The average ball speed (km/h) from five valid throws to each corner of the goal was recorded. The radar gun was placed 4 meters behind the free throw line and aligned with the release height and target corner to ensure measurement accuracy.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Throwing Velocity
Baseline
|
61.07 km/h
Standard Deviation 9.64
|
66.36 km/h
Standard Deviation 6.08
|
|
Throwing Velocity
Week 8
|
60.78 km/h
Standard Deviation 9.91
|
72.20 km/h
Standard Deviation 6.61
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Throwing accuracy was evaluated by targeting 50 cm circular zones placed in the four corners of a standard goal. Five throws per corner were completed (a total of 20 throws). The reported values in the data table represent the mean number of successful throws per target zone, calculated by dividing the total successful throws by the number of zones. The possible score for this reported mean ranges from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate better throwing accuracy per corner.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Throwing Accuracy
Baseline
|
1.29 score on a scale (0-5)
Standard Deviation 1.14
|
1.62 score on a scale (0-5)
Standard Deviation 1.11
|
|
Throwing Accuracy
Week 8
|
1.52 score on a scale (0-5)
Standard Deviation 1.03
|
1.75 score on a scale (0-5)
Standard Deviation 1.17
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Hip concentric strength evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Humac Norm) at a speed of 180°/s. The test involves 4 maximum concentric contractions following 5 practice trials. The reported values represent the peak torque normalized to body weight (%BW). Multiple sub-measurements for different muscle groups and time points (Baseline and Week 8) are presented as separate rows within the single data table for comprehensive evaluation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Dominant Side - Extensors - Baseline Peak Torque (%BW)
|
210.35 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 36.01
|
229.76 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 31.40
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Dominant Side - Extensors - Week 8 Peak Torque (%BW)
|
227.29 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 23.50
|
263.94 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 27.18
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
NonDominant Side - Extensors - Baseline Peak Torque (%BW)
|
212.35 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 36.12
|
223.12 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 29.83
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
NonDominant Side - Extensors - Week 8 Peak Torque (%BW)
|
228.06 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 21.95
|
258.00 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 32.90
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Dominant Side - Flexors - Baseline Peak Torque (%BW)
|
101.00 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 15.73
|
108.82 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 21.23
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Dominant Side - Flexors - Week 8 Peak Torque (%BW)
|
115.47 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 16.94
|
137.24 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 21.60
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
NonDominant Side - Flexors - Baseline Peak Torque (%BW)
|
101.41 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 18.88
|
109.71 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 20.48
|
|
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
NonDominant Side - Flexors - Week 8 Peak Torque (%BW)
|
110.82 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 16.57
|
137.29 percentage of body weight
Standard Deviation 20.84
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15-18 February 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Circumference and length measurements (shoulder, upper arm, forearm, wrist, arm span, etc.) will be performed according to International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocols using flexible fabric measuring tapes. Dominant side was used for all anthropometric measurements.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Forearm Length
|
25.32 cm
Standard Deviation 1.07
|
25.35 cm
Standard Deviation 1.08
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Shoulder Circumference
|
102.29 cm
Standard Deviation 6.20
|
103.94 cm
Standard Deviation 6.77
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Shoulder Joint Circumference
|
41.26 cm
Standard Deviation 3.06
|
41.17 cm
Standard Deviation 2.97
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Upper Arm Circumference
|
27.41 cm
Standard Deviation 2.87
|
28.47 cm
Standard Deviation 2.71
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Forearm Circumference
|
23.61 cm
Standard Deviation 1.56
|
23.47 cm
Standard Deviation 1.83
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Wrist Circumference
|
15.52 cm
Standard Deviation 1.09
|
15.26 cm
Standard Deviation 1.06
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Upper Arm Length
|
32.26 cm
Standard Deviation 1.50
|
31.91 cm
Standard Deviation 1.37
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Hand Length
|
19.02 cm
Standard Deviation 0.81
|
18.61 cm
Standard Deviation 0.91
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Arm Span
|
165.76 cm
Standard Deviation 5.27
|
164.76 cm
Standard Deviation 7.62
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
Leg Length
|
88.41 cm
Standard Deviation 3.65
|
88.29 cm
Standard Deviation 4.08
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Body fat percentage will be assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis device (Tanita TBF-300 M).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Fat Percentage
|
22.05 percentage of body fat (%)
Standard Deviation 6.19
|
24.11 percentage of body fat (%)
Standard Deviation 5.68
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Hand grip strength will be measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer (Jamar). The participant will perform the test with the dominant hand.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Hand Grip Strength
|
29.41 kg
Standard Deviation 5.38
|
32.53 kg
Standard Deviation 5.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Vertical jump performance will be evaluated through the modified counter movement jump test, measured using a digital jump meter (Takei), to assess explosive lower-body power.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump Distance
Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
|
36.47 cm
Standard Deviation 4.31
|
38.35 cm
Standard Deviation 5.84
|
|
Countermovement Jump Distance
After 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
|
35.76 cm
Standard Deviation 3.94
|
42.71 cm
Standard Deviation 5.63
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Vertical jump distance on the dominant leg will be measured using a digital jump meter (Takei) to assess unilateral leg power.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
Nondominat side - After 8- week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
|
26.53 cm
Standard Deviation 3.50
|
32.88 cm
Standard Deviation 5.54
|
|
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
Dominant side - Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
|
25.29 cm
Standard Deviation 3.05
|
27.88 cm
Standard Deviation 4.55
|
|
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
Dominant side - After 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
|
25.76 cm
Standard Deviation 3.27
|
32.12 cm
Standard Deviation 5.19
|
|
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
NonDominant side - Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
|
26.12 cm
Standard Deviation 3.49
|
29.53 cm
Standard Deviation 5.95
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)Population: female handball players aged 15-19 years
Horizontal jump distance on the dominant leg will be evaluated using a flat measurement tape fixed to the ground to assess functional leg strength and coordination.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control Group
n=17 Participants
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=17 Participants
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
Dominant- Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
|
143.26 cm
Standard Deviation 15.28
|
153.64 cm
Standard Deviation 19.63
|
|
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
Dominant- after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
|
143.41 cm
Standard Deviation 14.45
|
171.12 cm
Standard Deviation 20.02
|
|
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
NonDominant- Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
|
144.20 cm
Standard Deviation 16.69
|
151.02 cm
Standard Deviation 20.62
|
|
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
NonDominant- after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
|
145.00 cm
Standard Deviation 16.79
|
169.94 cm
Standard Deviation 19.64
|
Adverse Events
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Hip Strength Exercise Training Group
n=20 participants at risk
This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance.
Exercise: Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
|
Control Group
n=20 participants at risk
This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
5.0%
1/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
0.00%
0/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Ankle ligament injury
|
5.0%
1/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
10.0%
2/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Shoulder ligament injury
|
0.00%
0/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
5.0%
1/20 • Adverse events were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention period, covering all training sessions and assessments.
Adverse events were defined as sports-related injuries or missed training sessions. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. Other medical events were not observed or reported. Data were collected through direct observation and participant self-report, verified by the research team.
|
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place