Music Therapy and Mindfulness Meditation

Summary

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) involves bypassing a blocked artery with a healthy blood vessel elsewhere from body allowing the blood flow to be restored to heart. Most patients after CABG surgery have hemodynamic instability such as elevated blood pressure (BP) and low heart rate variability (HRV). High BP could be due pain, stress, and withdrawal of BP medications, which patient used to take preoperatively. BP progressively increases within 24 hours, postoperatively, and daytime systolic and diastolic BP may remain elevated for =14 weeks after CABG, while lower HRV may take 6 months to recover after CABG. In addition, these patients suffer from anxiety and depression which is associated with poor mental health that can create significant challenges and barriers for patients in making and sustaining important behavioral and lifestyle modifications. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy (MT) and mindfulness meditation (MM) have been successfully used to manage anxiety and depression among patients undergone various surgeries, but there is scarcity in the current literature with regards to investigating the combined effect of MT and MM on anxiety and depression in CABG patients. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of these 2 interventions on hemodynamic variables is not well established. Therefore, this study aims to bridge these gaps and develop an interventional protocol that can improve the hemodynamic stability and mental health of CABG patients.

Conditions

• Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients

Interventions

OTHER

Music therapy

Participants in the music therapy group (MTG) will be comfortably lying on the bed in a reclined position of 30-45 degrees. Using a headphone, participants will be instructed to select a volume that is comfortable to their ears and listen to the music titled as "The Best Relaxing Piano and Flute Music Ever" which will be played for 30-minutes every day for 1-week. Patients will be encouraged to focus on the music and let it fill their senses.

OTHER

Mindfulness meditation

Mindfulness meditation group (MGT)will be listening to audio of Guided Mindfulness Meditation Series 1 by Jon Kabat-Zinn. Similar to MTG, participants in MMG will be lying on the bed in a reclined position of 30-45 degrees. A headphone to listen to the audio of guided MM will be provided to all the participants. Participants will begin with relaxation technique by focusing on deep breathing to help calm their body and mind. This will be followed by focusing on the present moment, letting go of any thoughts or distractions that come up. Participants can focus on their breath, bodily sensations, or a specific object in their environment. Finally, the session will end by expressing a gratitude for their body and mind and setting an intention to carry the feelings of relaxation and mindfulness with them throughout the day. Similar to MTG, MMG will engage in 30-minutes of MM every day for 1-week.

OTHER

Music therapy and mindfulness meditation

Music therapy and mindfulness meditation group will be receiving both music therapy and mindfulness meditation in the same body position as MTG and MMG. Firstly, participants will listen to MT for 30-minutes followed by MM for another 30-minutes. In between the 2 interventions, a 15-minute of break will be provided to all participants. Intervention will be carried out every day for 1-week.

OTHER

Cardiac rehabilitation

Control Group will not receive any other therapy except the conventional post-operative cardiac rehabilitation. Other 3 intervention groups will also be participating in the usual cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiac rehabilitation will be conducted during phase I, where rehabilitation will focus on early mobilization and ambulation of participants with a target heart rate of resting heart rate + 30 beats, with the non-strenuous exercises in the bed or at the bedside, focusing on a range of motion and limiting hospital deconditioning.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2025-07-31

Primary Completion

2026-03-31

Completion

2026-03-31