Trial Outcomes & Findings for Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With ACTivity (InPACT) at Home Optimization Study (NCT NCT06493214)

Families with children ages 8-12 years old were recruited to participate in this study through the University of Michigan Clinical Research website, newsletters, and from previous studies to participate in this at-home study.

Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With ACTivity (InPACT) at Home Optimization Study

Dose will be calculated as the average number of videos completed during the three-month intervention. Video duration was approximately 8 minutes. The self-reported average number of videos completed was recorded using activity calendar sheets.

Attrition will be determined by calculating the total number of participants who drop out.

Dose of intervention supports will be quantified as attendance at weekly coaching sessions (coaching), text messages (pings) an personalized calendars delivered throughout the intervention period. Research staff will document dose.

Enjoyment will be assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) questionnaire. Participants will be asked to reflect on how they felt about the exercises. Example questions include the following: "When I was active . . . I enjoyed it, When I was active . . . I felt bored; When I was active . . . it frustrated me." The scale is a combination of 16 positive and negative statements. The responses are scored on a 5-point Likert scale, 1 (disagree a lot) to 5 (agree a lot). Seven of the 16 statements were reverse coded. An enjoyment score is calculated by averaging the scores. The revised Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale has been validated in children and demonstrated high reliability in the present analysis (Cronbach alpha= 0.91). The scale ranges from 0 to 48. PACES scores below 24 are interpreted as lower enjoyment while being physically active.

Pre- and post- physical activity levels will be assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Questionnaire items are scored (range 1 to 5) and a score of 1 indicated low physical activity and a score of 5 indicated high physical activity. This questionnaire has been validated for children ages 7-14 years old of all races.

Anxiety symptoms will be assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). GAD-7 consists of seven items measuring worry and anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3) with total scores ranging from 0 to 21; higher scores reflecting greater anxiety severity. Scores above 10 are in the clinical range The GAD-7 has shown good reliability and construct validity.

Depression symptoms will be assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). PHQ-9 consists of nine items measuring depressive symptoms corresponding to the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. Each item is scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3) with scores ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores reflecting greater depression severity. Scores above 10 are in the clinically depressed range. PHQ-9 has shown good psychometric properties.

To assess emotion regulation, the investigators will employ the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, which comprises 18 items. These items gauge various aspects of emotion regulation, including one's ability to accept emotional responses, engage in purposeful actions, control impulses, be aware of emotions, access emotion regulation strategies, and attain emotional clarity. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 to 5, resulting in total scores that fall between 18 and 90. Higher scores suggest greater problems with emotion regulation. This instrument has been rigorously tested and confirmed to be reliable in both adolescent and adult populations.

Parent physical activity support will be measured via the Activity Support Scale for Multiple Groups (ACTS-MG) survey, which is a 12-item questionnaire that assesses parental support for exercise and consists of four subscales representing logistic support (e.g., I take my child to places where he/she can be active), modeling (e.g., I encourage my child to be physically active by leading by example), use of community resources (e.g., I encourage my child to use resources in our neighborhood to be active), and limiting sedentary activities (e.g., I limit how long my child plays video games). Items are scored on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater parental support for physical activity.