Trial Outcomes & Findings for Photomedicine Project 14: PBMT for Performance Enhancement in SOF (NCT NCT06380179)
NCT ID: NCT06380179
Last Updated: 2026-06-15
Results Overview
Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
29 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.
Results posted on
2026-06-15
Participant Flow
A total of 4 participants self-withdrew from the study prior to being randomized to a study arm.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Sham PBMT
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
12
|
13
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
12
|
13
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Photomedicine Project 14: PBMT for Performance Enhancement in SOF
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
Total
n=25 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
13 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
36.23 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.87 • n=20 Participants
|
37.58 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.31 • n=20 Participants
|
36.88 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.66 • n=40 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
13 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
race/ethnicity · White (not Hispanic)
|
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
race/ethnicity · American Indian or Alaskan Native
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
race/ethnicity · Hispanic
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
race/ethnicity · Asian or Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
13 participants
n=20 Participants
|
12 participants
n=20 Participants
|
25 participants
n=40 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Concentric Impulse
|
231.06 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 24.81
|
232.33 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 20.12
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Movement start to peak power. via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Movement Start to Peak Power.
|
.75 Seconds
Standard Deviation .07
|
.75 Seconds
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines. Reference categories: Lower performers (L): \~0.20-0.30 Moderate performers (M): \~0.30-0.45 Upper performers (U): \~0.45-0.70+
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)
|
.40 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .04
|
.43 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Time to Take-Off
|
811.21 Miliseconds
Standard Deviation 65.79
|
813.82 Miliseconds
Standard Deviation 79.01
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 1 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse
|
238.6 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 21.99
|
231.06 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 13.47
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 1 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Movement Start to peak Power via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power
|
.74 Seconds
Standard Deviation .11
|
.71 Seconds
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 1 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines. Reference categories: Lower performers (L): \~0.20-0.30 Moderate performers (M): \~0.30-0.45 Upper performers (U): \~0.45-0.70+
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)
|
.41 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .05
|
.45 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .07
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 1 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off
|
804.37 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 106.72
|
769.15 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 79.14
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 2 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse
|
311.02 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 277.05
|
232.41 Newton-seconds
Standard Deviation 15.07
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 2 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including peak force production via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power
|
.73 Seconds
Standard Deviation .08
|
.73 Seconds
Standard Deviation .07
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 2 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines. Reference categories: Lower performers (L): \~0.20-0.30 Moderate performers (M): \~0.30-0.45 Upper performers (U): \~0.45-0.70+
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)
|
.41 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .05
|
.45 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 2 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off
|
798 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 78.67
|
795.37 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 72.04
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 3 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse
|
239.12 Ns
Standard Deviation 20.52
|
235.30 Ns
Standard Deviation 12.93
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 3 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including peak force production via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power
|
.73 Seconds
Standard Deviation .09
|
.73 Seconds
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 3 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines. Reference categories: Lower performers (L): \~0.20-0.30 Moderate performers (M): \~0.30-0.45 Upper performers (U): \~0.45-0.70+
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)
|
.42 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .04
|
.47 Meters per second
Standard Deviation .07
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 3 prior to coach-led training.Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off
|
795.11 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 89.13
|
772 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 82.31
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isometric Quadriceps Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque
|
191.05 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 42.93
|
183.32 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 17.52
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isometric Hamstrings Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque.
|
134.55 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 23.01
|
122.95 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 126.39
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque
|
185.86 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 35.22
|
185.95 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 23.45
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isokinetic Hamstrings Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque
|
118.91 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 19.55
|
117.05 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 8.36
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session prior to coach-led training.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isometric Quadriceps Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque
|
203.17 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 39.40
|
190.28 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 30.39
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session prior to coach-led training.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isometric Hamstrings Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque.
|
143.94 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 27.76
|
126.39 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 16.98
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session prior to coach-led training.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque
|
191.22 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 28.95
|
180.50 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 27.90
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session prior to coach-led training.Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Isokinetic Hamstrings Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque
|
126.11 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 16.42
|
117.56 Newton-meters
Standard Deviation 9.39
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Self-reported at baselineCaptures subjective pain rating on a 0 - 10 scale (minimum - maximum; 0 = no pain, 10 = severe pain). Higher scores equal worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Defense and Veteran's Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Initial Baseline
|
2.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.48
|
2.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.43
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Self-reported, daily after baseline through study completion after 3 weeks.Captures subjective pain rating on a 0 - 10 scale (minimum - maximum; 0 = no pain, 10 = severe pain). Higher scores equals worse outcomes. Calculation for this timepoint was dervied from averaging all daily pain scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Defense and Veteran's Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Daily Reports
|
1.76 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.16
|
2.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Initial Baseline
|
31.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.61
|
47.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.55
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 1 after coach-led training and laser treatment.Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 1 Follow-up
|
33.80 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.98
|
26.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.78
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 2 after coach-led training and laser treatment.Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 2 Follow-up
|
22.89 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.90
|
23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.79
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the end of week 3 after coach-led training and laser treatment.Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 3 Follow-up
|
31.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.79
|
30.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.07
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollmentQuantifying perceived exertion on 0-10 scale. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Borg Modified Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Initial Baseline
|
4.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.80
|
4.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.50
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session after coach-led training and laser treatment.Quantifying perceived exertion on 0-10 scale. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Borg Modified Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 3-week Follow-up
|
5.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
4.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.33
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Behavioral health rating of fatigue. The short questionnaire of fatigue uses eight questions that highlight perception of training difficulty, sleep, leg discomfort, infection/colds, concentration, work efficacy, anxiety and overall stress. Each question is rated by the respondent on a 7-point scale: 1 point (not at all) to 7 points (very much). The summed total score of the 8 questions allows for a total score of fatigue (TSF). Total score of fatigue ranges from 8 points (not at all fatigued) to 56 points (very much fatigued).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Elloumi Fatigue Scale Initial Baseline
|
22.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.29
|
24.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.83
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected at the 3-week follow-up session after coach-led training and laser treatment.Behavioral health rating of fatigue. The short questionnaire of fatigue uses eight questions that highlight perception of training difficulty, sleep, leg discomfort, infection/colds, concentration, work efficacy, anxiety and overall stress. Each question is rated by the respondent on a 7-point scale: 1 point (not at all) to 7 points (very much). The summed total score of the 8 questions allows for a total score of fatigue (TSF). Total score of fatigue ranges from 8 points (not at all fatigued) to 56 points (very much fatigued).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Elloumi Fatigue Scale 3-week Follow-up
|
23.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.52
|
23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.55
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Higher scores indicate better outcome. Scaled rating of various types of physical activity participation. Respondent reporting quantifies the overall amount of physical activity that the respondent regularly engages in. Activities are weighted in intensity that ranges from 1 (light) to 3 (heavy). Activity weekly frequency reported as never (0 days), seldom (1-2 days), sometime (3-4 days), and often (5-7 days). Activity duration collected as less than one hour per day, 1-2 hours per day, and more than two hours per day. Intensity (1-3), frequency (0-3) and duration (1-3) scores are multiplied and provide a physical activity score that may range from 0 - 153 points, 0 being very low physical activity and 153 representing very high physical activity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Quick Physical Activity Rating Scale (QPAR)
|
55.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.85
|
44.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.38
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of sleep. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily sleep scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Duration
|
18311.87 Seconds
Standard Deviation 13142.80
|
4010 Seconds
Standard Deviation 8464.60
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including time spent in bed. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=12 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=13 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Time in Bed
|
5867.66 Seconds
Standard Deviation 9281.65
|
23402.35 Seconds
Standard Deviation 8928.77
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of light sleep stage. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Light Sleep Length
|
11829.55 Seconds
Standard Deviation 6474.41
|
2832 Seconds
Standard Deviation 5453.57
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of REM sleep stage. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Length
|
3639.55 Seconds
Standard Deviation 2497.42
|
588 Seconds
Standard Deviation 1500.43
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of deep sleep stage (seconds). Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Deep Sleep Length
|
2842.77 Seconds
Standard Deviation 2083.41
|
590 Seconds
Standard Deviation 1274.42
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep latency (time taken to fall asleep in seconds). Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Latency
|
720.46 Seconds
Standard Deviation 662.63
|
868 Seconds
Standard Deviation 929.73
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep efficiency percentage (time spent in bed asleep). Higher percentages are better. 0-100. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Efficiency Percentage
|
78.26 percentage of time spent in bed asleep
Standard Deviation 147.19
|
68.35 percentage of time spent in bed asleep
Standard Deviation 91.20
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep quality score. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores being better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Quality Score
|
71.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.75
|
39.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.37
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure changes in body temperature. Oura calculates body-temperature readiness by measuring average skin temperature during sleep, comparing it to long-term baseline, and reporting the difference as a positive or negative deviation. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Body Temperature Changes
|
.03 degrees Celsius
Standard Deviation .23
|
.065 degrees Celsius
Standard Deviation .195
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including changes in heart rate. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Data: Readiness Trends - Daily Heart Rate
|
78.56 Beats per minute
Standard Deviation .05
|
96.04 Beats per minute
Standard Deviation 30.06
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including HRV - a measure of the fluctuation in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
|
44.02 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 14.63
|
53.75 Milliseconds
Standard Deviation 9.49
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including respiratory rate. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Respiration Rate
|
14.23 Breaths per minute
Standard Deviation 1.83
|
15.18 Breaths per minute
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including blood oxygen saturation. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Blood Oxygen Saturation
|
98.63 percentage of blood oxygen
Standard Deviation .74
|
98.81 percentage of blood oxygen
Standard Deviation .08
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including sleep balance- a measure of how consistent nightly total sleep duration is compared to baseline, reported on a 0-100 scale where higher means sleep length is closely matched night-to-night. Scores near 100 indicate very stable sleep duration that supports recovery; 60-80 indicates moderate variability that may mildly reduce readiness; scores below \~60 reflect inconsistent sleep duration likely to lower Readiness. Higher scores are better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Sleep Balance
|
81.12 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.20
|
76.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.16
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Oura data is collected from daily wear of ring from date of randomization through study completion after 3 weeks.Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including readiness score. The score ranges from 0-100, higher scores indicate better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Readiness Score
|
83.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.41
|
64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.77
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: Body Composition (% Body Fat)
|
17.89 percentage of Body Fat
Standard Deviation 3.60
|
15.94 percentage of Body Fat
Standard Deviation 3.69
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: Height (Inches)
|
71.08 inches
Standard Deviation 2.13
|
69.83 inches
Standard Deviation 1.40
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: Weight (Lbs)
|
203.92 pounds
Standard Deviation 21.77
|
196.88 pounds
Standard Deviation 12.23
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: C1 - Proximal Thigh Circumference (cm)
|
66.08 centimeters
Standard Deviation 3.07
|
64.42 centimeters
Standard Deviation 4.27
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: C2 - Distal Thigh Circumference (cm)
|
42.46 centimeters
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
41.75 centimeters
Standard Deviation 1.09
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured prior to treatment starting at time of enrollment.Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 Participants
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 Participants
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Body Measurements: L1 - Length of Thigh (cm)
|
42.46 centimeters
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
41.58 centimeters
Standard Deviation 1.61
|
Adverse Events
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham PBMT
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)
n=13 participants at risk
PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): PBMT will be delivered at 32-40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.
PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.
|
Sham PBMT
n=12 participants at risk
The inclusion of sham PBMT will ensure all participant treatment procedures remain the same, with the exception of emission of photons (active treatment), thus, allowing for contribution of any differences between groups to be credited to the use of PBMT.
THOR3 training + sham PBMT: Sham PBMT will be provided by a trained study team member. Sham PBMT will be delivered in the same manner as indicated for the PBMT process above, but the device will stay in standby mode (i.e., the treatment mode will not be turned on). As infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, the only visible difference between treatment and standby modes is the presence of a few tiny amber lights (these lights are on during treatment mode).
|
|---|---|---|
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
|
7.7%
1/13 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
0.00%
0/12 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin irritation/heating
|
7.7%
1/13 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
0.00%
0/12 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Hamstring Strain
|
0.00%
0/13 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
8.3%
1/12 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Neck Muscle Strain
|
0.00%
0/13 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
8.3%
1/12 • All participants were evaluated for adverse events at each follow-up visit during their participation in the study (at 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks), and all reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the IRB.
Description The study overall is considered to be minimal risk for study participants: not substantially above what would be encountered in everyday life including provision of routine medical care for the condition of Achilles tendinopathy. All reportable events, regardless of severity, were reported to the Principal Investigator and the Institutional Review Board. All adverse events were reviewed and made a determination of severity and relationship to participation in the research study.
|
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place