Trial Outcomes & Findings for Virtual Reality to Promote Relaxation Prior to Simulation (NCT NCT06318338)

NCT ID: NCT06318338

Last Updated: 2026-03-27

Results Overview

Feasibility based on the ability of at least 75% patient VR completion rate. Based on the expected accrual of 25 patients, futility and early termination will be triggered if six participants fail to meet the conditions described above.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

25 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

1 Day

Results posted on

2026-03-27

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Virtual Reality Program
This is a single arm study. All participants will participate in the study intervention, which involves experiencing a virtual reality program. Virtual Reality Program: Study participants will be provided a HTC or Pico VR head-mounted device (HTC Flow, HTC Focus or Pico Neo Pro) which will be fitted for comfort. Patients will remain seated for the entirety of the VR program. The program generally takes about ten minutes to complete but may last up to 11 minutes. The program displays a relaxing environmental setting with narration based in mindfulness meditation principles. Subjects will be prompted to practice breathing exercises designed to relax and reduce anxiety.
Overall Study
STARTED
25
Overall Study
COMPLETED
25
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Virtual Reality to Promote Relaxation Prior to Simulation

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Virtual Reality Program
n=25 Participants
This is a single arm study. All participants will participate in the study intervention, which involves experiencing a virtual reality program. Virtual Reality Program: Study participants will be provided a HTC or Pico VR head-mounted device (HTC Flow, HTC Focus or Pico Neo Pro) which will be fitted for comfort. Patients will remain seated for the entirety of the VR program. The program generally takes about ten minutes to complete but may last up to 11 minutes. The program displays a relaxing environmental setting with narration based in mindfulness meditation principles. Subjects will be prompted to practice breathing exercises designed to relax and reduce anxiety.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
14 Participants
n=56 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
11 Participants
n=56 Participants
Age, Continuous
65 years
n=56 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
11 Participants
n=56 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
14 Participants
n=56 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
25 Participants
n=56 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
3 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
21 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
25 participants
n=56 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 Day

Feasibility based on the ability of at least 75% patient VR completion rate. Based on the expected accrual of 25 patients, futility and early termination will be triggered if six participants fail to meet the conditions described above.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Virtual Reality Program
n=25 Participants
This is a single arm study. All participants will participate in the study intervention, which involves experiencing a virtual reality program. Virtual Reality Program: Study participants will be provided a HTC or Pico VR head-mounted device (HTC Flow, HTC Focus or Pico Neo Pro) which will be fitted for comfort. Patients will remain seated for the entirety of the VR program. The program generally takes about ten minutes to complete but may last up to 11 minutes. The program displays a relaxing environmental setting with narration based in mindfulness meditation principles. Subjects will be prompted to practice breathing exercises designed to relax and reduce anxiety.
Feasibility of a Pre-simulation VR Platform Prior to Radiation
25 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 Day

Prior to the intervention, patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS is a 14-item questionnaire that includes two 7-item subscales assessing anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D), each rated on a 0-3 scale. Raw scores range from 0-21 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety or depression, for each subscale respectively. Scores on a scale greater than eight indicate clinically significant anxiety or depression. This survey was only delivered at one time-point which was prior to use of the VR program.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Virtual Reality Program
n=25 Participants
This is a single arm study. All participants will participate in the study intervention, which involves experiencing a virtual reality program. Virtual Reality Program: Study participants will be provided a HTC or Pico VR head-mounted device (HTC Flow, HTC Focus or Pico Neo Pro) which will be fitted for comfort. Patients will remain seated for the entirety of the VR program. The program generally takes about ten minutes to complete but may last up to 11 minutes. The program displays a relaxing environmental setting with narration based in mindfulness meditation principles. Subjects will be prompted to practice breathing exercises designed to relax and reduce anxiety.
Patient Situational Anxiety Prior to and After Use of VR Program (HADS)
HADS-A
11.1 Score on HADS Scale
Standard Deviation 2.64
Patient Situational Anxiety Prior to and After Use of VR Program (HADS)
HADS-D
9.0 Score on HADS Scale
Standard Deviation 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 Day

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) is a validated short form of the 20-item STAI 6-item questionnaire. It contains six items ("I am tense", "I feel upset", "I am relaxed", "I feel content", "I am worried", "I feel calm.") rated on a 1-4 Likert scale to assess situational anxiety. Raw scores range from 6-24, with higher scores indicating higher situational anxiety. Total STAI-6 scores are multiplied by 20 and divided by six to give a score between 20-80, consistent with the 20-item questionnaire. Scores on a scale of 40 or higher is correlated with clinically significant anxiety. The STAI-6 was delivered at two time-points, prior to and after use of the VR program.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Virtual Reality Program
n=25 Participants
This is a single arm study. All participants will participate in the study intervention, which involves experiencing a virtual reality program. Virtual Reality Program: Study participants will be provided a HTC or Pico VR head-mounted device (HTC Flow, HTC Focus or Pico Neo Pro) which will be fitted for comfort. Patients will remain seated for the entirety of the VR program. The program generally takes about ten minutes to complete but may last up to 11 minutes. The program displays a relaxing environmental setting with narration based in mindfulness meditation principles. Subjects will be prompted to practice breathing exercises designed to relax and reduce anxiety.
Patient Situational Anxiety Prior to and After Use of VR Program (STAI-6)
Pre Intervention
43.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.4
Patient Situational Anxiety Prior to and After Use of VR Program (STAI-6)
Post Intervention
29.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.6

Adverse Events

Virtual Reality Program

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Michael LaRiviere, MD

Penn Medicine

Phone: 267-760-7895

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place