Implementing the COMFORT Guidelines for Postpartum Pain Management

Summary

A new national clinical practice guideline (CPG) for pain management after childbirth aims to mitigate peripartum opioid-related risks without compromising or exacerbating existing inequities in pain management in the United States. Standard dissemination approaches are often insufficient to change clinical practice-more active implementation efforts are generally required. Replicating Effective Programs (REP) is a theory-driven implementation intervention that is publicly available and highly scalable, but REP alone may be insufficient for effectively embedding the CPG across all maternity sites. For sites needing more support, REP can be augmented with facilitation (e.g., individualized consultation with site champions to overcome local barriers to CPG adoption, "Enhanced-REP" \[E-REP\]). Because E-REP is more expensive and difficult to scale than REP, it is essential to identify those settings where REP alone is effective versus those where REP may need augmentation, but this has not been evaluated in maternity contexts. Our objective is to determine the effect of a new postpartum pain management CPG, as implemented by REP and E-REP, on postpartum opioid prescribing (primary outcome: rate and amount of opioid prescribed within three days of childbirth), overall, by hospital, and among key subgroups.

This is a non-responder randomized trial within the Obstetrics Initiative (OBI), a perinatal collaborative quality initiative funded by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan that includes 68 member hospitals serving more than 120,000 postpartum people over an approximately 15-month study time period. Hospitals not initially responding to REP (defined by performance below the top 15th percentile of all OBI hospitals for a) inpatient order for opioid-sparing postpartum pain management, \[e.g., scheduled acetaminophen and ibuprofen\], or b) amount of opioid prescribed at discharge, or c) provision of non-medication pain management interventions) will be allocated, via block randomization, to either continue REP vs. augment REP with facilitation (E-REP).

The primary analysis will evaluate the rate of postpartum opioid-sparing prescribing metrics at the time of discharge (primary outcome) and opioid prescription refills and high-risk prescribing (secondary outcomes) before and after CPG implementation with REP, using interrupted time series analyses. Inequities in outcomes by patient, procedure, prescriber, and hospital factors will be evaluated. Exploratory analyses will examine temporal trends in patient-reported outcomes. The effects of continued REP vs. E-REP among non-responder sites will also be examined. Finally, implementation outcomes will be characterized using clinician and patient surveys and qualitative methods.

Conditions

• Postpartum Pain
• Opioid Stewardship
• Maternity Care
• Obstetric Care

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

REP

REP is a bundle of strategies designed to help hospitals implement an evidence-based clinical practice. REP's core components include 1) user-friendly "packaging" of the clinical guidance, 2) structured clinician training, 3) performance feedback, and 4) brief technical assistance.

BEHAVIORAL

Facilitation

Facilitation is a process of interactive problem-solving via a supportive consultation relationship. Facilitation is delivered by an expert who meets regularly with site quality improvement leaders to support interactive problem-solving to address local barriers and unanticipated implementation challenges. In contrast to the group-based, brief technical assistance in REP, facilitation is individualized consultation with the site clinical champion that generates highly customized, local solutions that can potentially be sustained by the local providers and champions.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

  collaborator FED

• University of Michigan

  lead OTHER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2024-01-26

Primary Completion

2025-07-01

Completion

2025-07-01

Countries

• United States

Study Locations