Trial Outcomes & Findings for Human Perception of Odors and Odor Blockers (NCT NCT06191419)

NCT ID: NCT06191419

Last Updated: 2026-07-23

Results Overview

The Cigarette Purchase Task (Strickland et al., 2016) requires selecting how much the smoker is willing to spend for a single cigarette (their preferred brand) from a list of 19 amounts ranging from $0.00 (free) to $1,120. The measure from the selections is the breakpoint where the participants are no longer willing to purchase. These data are skewed and are log transformed (after adding 0.01) for statistical analysis.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

27 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

3 hours (total for all outcome measures)

Results posted on

2026-07-23

Participant Flow

All participants assessed for eligibility were enrolled and started the study procedures.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Participants That Smoke
Each smoker is asked to smell up to 20 samples per session. Samples include controls (clean air, irrelevant odor), blocking odors, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke mixed with blocking odors or irrelevant odors. Odorants: Each smoker is assigned a CPAP nose mask. Odor sample bags are attached to the mask. Smokers open the valve, inhale once through the nose, close the valve, remove the bag from the mask and report on the odor.
Overall Study
STARTED
27
Overall Study
Assessed for Eligibility
27
Overall Study
Cigarette Smoke Alone
27
Overall Study
Cigarette Smoke and Citronella Methyl 2 Methylbutyrate
27
Overall Study
Cigarette Smoke and Lemon Oil
27
Overall Study
Cigarette Smoke and Pentanethiol
27
Overall Study
Cigarette Smoke and Mineral Oil
27
Overall Study
COMPLETED
22
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
5

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Human Perception of Odors and Odor Blockers

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Participants That Smoke
n=27 Participants
Each smoker is asked to smell up to 20 samples per session. Samples include controls (clean air, irrelevant odor), blocking odors, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke mixed with blocking odors or irrelevant odors. Odorants: Each smoker is assigned a CPAP nose mask. Odor sample bags are attached to the mask. Smokers open the valve, inhale once through the nose, close the valve, remove the bag from the mask and report on the odor.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
27 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
18 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
9 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
23 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
3 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
24 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
27 participants
n=9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 hours (total for all outcome measures)

The Cigarette Purchase Task (Strickland et al., 2016) requires selecting how much the smoker is willing to spend for a single cigarette (their preferred brand) from a list of 19 amounts ranging from $0.00 (free) to $1,120. The measure from the selections is the breakpoint where the participants are no longer willing to purchase. These data are skewed and are log transformed (after adding 0.01) for statistical analysis.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Participants That Smoke
n=22 Participants
Each smoker is asked to smell up to 20 samples per session. Samples include controls (clean air, irrelevant odor), blocking odors, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke mixed with blocking odors or irrelevant odors. Odorants: Each smoker is assigned a CPAP nose mask. Odor sample bags are attached to the mask. Smokers open the valve, inhale once through the nose, close the valve, remove the bag from the mask and report on the odor.
Cigarette Purchase Task
Cigarette Smoke and Pentanethiol
-0.622 Log (US Dollars)
Standard Deviation 1.343
Cigarette Purchase Task
Cigarette Smoke Alone
-0.176 Log (US Dollars)
Standard Deviation 1.205
Cigarette Purchase Task
Cigarette Smoke and Citronella Methyl 2 Methylbutyrate
-0.128 Log (US Dollars)
Standard Deviation 1.188
Cigarette Purchase Task
Cigarette Smoke and Lemon Oil
1.28 Log (US Dollars)
Standard Deviation 1.026
Cigarette Purchase Task
Cigarette Smoke and Mineral Oil
-0.267 Log (US Dollars)
Standard Deviation 1.207

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 hours (total for all outcome measures)

A rating of participant's desire to smoke on a scale of 0 - 100, where a higher score indicates increased desire.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Participants That Smoke
n=22 Participants
Each smoker is asked to smell up to 20 samples per session. Samples include controls (clean air, irrelevant odor), blocking odors, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke mixed with blocking odors or irrelevant odors. Odorants: Each smoker is assigned a CPAP nose mask. Odor sample bags are attached to the mask. Smokers open the valve, inhale once through the nose, close the valve, remove the bag from the mask and report on the odor.
Desire to Smoke
Cigarette Smoke Alone
36.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.4
Desire to Smoke
Cigarette Smoke and Citronella Methyl 2 Methylbutyrate
32.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.1
Desire to Smoke
Cigarette Smoke and Lemon Oil
34.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.7
Desire to Smoke
Cigarette Smoke and Pentanethiol
23.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.1
Desire to Smoke
Cigarette Smoke and Mineral Oil
32.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 hours (total for all outcome measures)

Participants complete a forced-choice test by rating whether the odor is pleasant or unpleasant. Responses were recorded as a binary measure where 0=unpleasant and 1=pleasant. Scores range from 0 to 1, with higher score indicate greater odor pleasantness.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Participants That Smoke
n=22 Participants
Each smoker is asked to smell up to 20 samples per session. Samples include controls (clean air, irrelevant odor), blocking odors, cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke mixed with blocking odors or irrelevant odors. Odorants: Each smoker is assigned a CPAP nose mask. Odor sample bags are attached to the mask. Smokers open the valve, inhale once through the nose, close the valve, remove the bag from the mask and report on the odor.
Odor Pleasantness Score
Cigarette Smoke and Mineral Oil
0.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.51
Odor Pleasantness Score
Cigarette Smoke Alone
0.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.50
Odor Pleasantness Score
Cigarette Smoke and Citronella Methyl 2 Methylbutyrate
0.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.50
Odor Pleasantness Score
Cigarette Smoke and Lemon Oil
0.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.39
Odor Pleasantness Score
Cigarette Smoke and Pentanethiol
0.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.37

Adverse Events

Participants That Smoke

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Timothy McClintock

University of Kentucky

Phone: 8593231083

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place