Examine the Effects of 24-week Exercise Program on Functional Capacity, Cognitive Capacity, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Summary

Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are prevalent in the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and they do not comply with the World Health Organisation's physical activity guidelines. Due to physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle, these individuals have low levels of physical fitness (decreasing functional capacity and success in carrying out activities of daily living), with an increased risk of acquiring other comorbidities such as type II diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol and metabolic syndrome, affecting their quality of life.

One of the reasons found in the literature for physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities is the existence of barriers that prevent/difficulty their practice, namely the lack of adapted physical exercise programmes, limited financial resources and lack of venues for their practice. Consequently, there is a dearth of research, including little clarity on the intervention protocols used and a variety of methodologies that address the applicability of non-pharmacological, psychological and psychosocial interventions, such as physical exercise programmes, for the promotion of various variables.

One of the most studied relationships is between exercise and the promotion of physical fitness, confirming its direct impact on functional capacity. Bearing in mind that studies on cognitive decline only assess some variables that may be associated but do not represent it on their own, such as attention, memory and language fluency. With regard to quality of life, an 8-week multidisciplinary exercise intervention programme aimed to improve quality of life, professional and peer support for activity, abdominal strength and metabolic equivalent gait of the tasks, however, the physical exercise programme is unclear and multimodal. On the other hand, a previous systematic review associated the effects of physical exercise with variables related to quality of life, namely pain, general health and anxiety. In studies focusing on physical activity, these variables have been shown to be predictors of quality of life, however, studies with physical exercise programmes are still cautious or unclear.

Thus, alternative and innovative solutions to promote/maintain physical function, reduce the risk of onset of cognitive decline in early life and promote/maintain the quality of life of individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulty should include physical exercise. Taking this introductory approach into account, this non-randomised experimental study aimed to analyse the effects of two 24-week physical exercise programmes (indoor and outdoor) on functional capacity, cognitive decline and quality of life in institutionalised individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Conditions

• Intellectual Disabilities

Interventions

OTHER

Exercise training

The indoor physical exercise program was carried out in a gym with weight machines. The physical exercise program was divided into four parts. Part I: playful game or shuttle run (5 to 7 minutes). Part II: aerobic training (treadmill; 10 minutes; 40% to 80% of Heart Rate Reserve; between 12 to 17 according to the Borg Rating Of Perceived Exertion Scale; between 5 to 8 according to the Borg Category-Ratio 10 Scale. Part III: strength training (more or less 25 minutes; Leg Press + Chest Press + Leg Extension + Lat Pull Down + Leg Curl + Shoulder Press; 40-80% of 3 maximum repetitions; 10-15 reps; 2-3 sets). Part IV: 4 static stretches (30 to 60 seconds each).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

  lead OTHER

Study Design

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SCREENING

Masking

SINGLE

Model

PARALLEL

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-05-02

Primary Completion

2023-10-16

Completion

2023-10-16

Countries

• Portugal

Study Locations