Trial Outcomes & Findings for Supported Employment COVID-19 Rapid Testing for PWID (NCT NCT05984966)
NCT ID: NCT05984966
Last Updated: 2026-04-20
Results Overview
Participant well-being was computed as the mean of eight items with a 7-point response option (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The internal consistency, as measured with Cronbach's alpha (α), was .90, scores could range from 1 to 7, and higher scores indicated greater levels of well-being.
COMPLETED
NA
102 participants
Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-up
2026-04-20
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Experimental: Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
|
|---|---|
|
Baseline
STARTED
|
102
|
|
Baseline
COMPLETED
|
102
|
|
Baseline
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
|
3-Month Follow-up
STARTED
|
102
|
|
3-Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
|
70
|
|
3-Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
|
32
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Experimental: Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
|
|---|---|
|
3-Month Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
|
32
|
Baseline Characteristics
Supported Employment COVID-19 Rapid Testing for PWID
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Experimental: Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
|
|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
Participants
|
44.7 years
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Woman
|
40 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Man
|
54 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Trans
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Fluid
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Intersex
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Non-binary
|
1 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Other
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Prefer not to answer
|
2 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
More than one category
|
5 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
4 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
98 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
7 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
3 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
77 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
10 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
5 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
102 participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Less than high school
|
16 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
High school graduate or GED
|
33 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Some college
|
39 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Don't know
|
13 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Prefer not to answer
|
1 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Housing Status
Unhoused
|
59 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Housing Status
Temporary housing
|
23 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Housing Status
Permanent housing
|
19 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Housing Status
Prefer not to answer
|
1 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Recieve Social Security Income
No
|
77 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Recieve Social Security Income
Yes
|
18 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Recieve Social Security Income
Qualified but not receiving
|
5 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Recieve Social Security Income
Unsure
|
2 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Income in Past Month
Less than $1000
|
72 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Income in Past Month
$1000-$2000
|
16 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Income in Past Month
More than $2000
|
1 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Income in Past Month
Don't know
|
11 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
|
Income in Past Month
Prefer not to answer
|
2 Participants
n=129 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upParticipant well-being was computed as the mean of eight items with a 7-point response option (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). The internal consistency, as measured with Cronbach's alpha (α), was .90, scores could range from 1 to 7, and higher scores indicated greater levels of well-being.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Participant Peer Well-Being (Flourishing Scale)
Baseline
|
5.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.32
|
|
Participant Peer Well-Being (Flourishing Scale)
3-Months
|
4.89 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.44
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHealth communication self-efficacy was computed as the mean score of 14 items with a 5-point response option (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). The internal consistency, as measured with Cronbach's alpha (α), was .97; scores could range from 1 to 5, and higher scores indicated greater self-efficacy.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Health Communication Self-Efficacy
Baseline
|
3.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.16
|
|
Health Communication Self-Efficacy
3-Month Follow-up
|
3.90 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.94
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upPeer support self-efficacy, an Aim 1 measure, was computed as the mean score of 18 items with a 5-point response option (1 = not at all confident, 5 = very confident). The internal consistency, as measured with Cronbach's alpha (α), was .96; scores could range from 1 to 5, and higher scores indicated greater self-efficacy.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Peer Support Self-Efficacy
Baseline
|
4.10 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.90
|
|
Peer Support Self-Efficacy
3-Month Follow-up
|
4.08 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.80
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upCOVID-19 knowledge was computed as the number of correctly endorsed items. Five items were presented to test knowledge of COVID-19. Scores could range from 0 to 5, and higher scores indicate greater levels of COVID-19 knowledge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
COVID-19 Knowledge
Baseline
|
2.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.15
|
|
COVID-19 Knowledge
3-Month Follow-up
|
2.41 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.15
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHIV knowledge was computed as the number of correctly endorsed items. Four items were presented to test understanding of HIV. Scores could range from 0 to 4, and higher scores indicate greater levels of HIV knowledge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
HIV Knowledge
Baseline
|
1.59 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.96
|
|
HIV Knowledge
3-Month Follow-up
|
1.90 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.95
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHepatitis C knowledge was computed as the number of correctly endorsed items. Five items were presented to test understanding of HIV. Scores could range from 0 to 5, and higher scores indicate greater levels of hepatitis C knowledge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Hepatitis C Knowledge
Baseline
|
0.97 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.96
|
|
Hepatitis C Knowledge
3-Month Follow-up
|
1.20 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upSyphilis knowledge was computed as the number of correctly endorsed items. Five items were presented to test understanding of HIV. Scores could range from 0 to 5, and higher scores indicate greater levels of Syphilis knowledge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Syphilis Knowledge
Baseline
|
1.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.23
|
|
Syphilis Knowledge
3-Month Follow-up
|
2.29 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.12
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upNaloxone knowledge was computed as the number of correctly endorsed items. Five items were presented to test understanding of HIV. Scores could range from 0 to 5, and higher scores indicate greater levels of naloxone knowledge.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Naloxone Knowledge
Baseline
|
2.84 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30
|
|
Naloxone Knowledge
3-Month Follow-up
|
2.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHarm reduction risk behaviors included behaviors that occurred in the past month, and a higher score indicated greater levels of risky behavior. The injected drugs score was the total number of times a person reported they had injected drugs.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times a Person Injected Drugs
3-Month Follow-up
|
0.86 injections
Standard Deviation 1.40
|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times a Person Injected Drugs
Baseline
|
1.26 injections
Standard Deviation 1.49
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHarm reduction risk behaviors included behaviors that occurred in the past month. The needle use score was a count of number of times they used a needle after someone else had used it (0 = none, 5 = more than 10 times), number of different people who used a needle before they had (0 = none, 5 = more than 10 times), number of times someone used a needle after they had (0 = none, 5 = more than 10 times), and before using needles how often they used bleach to clean the needles (0 = don't reuse, 5 = never). Scores could range from 0 to 20, and a higher score indicated a greater level of needle risky behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times a Person Used Needles
Baseline
|
4.46 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.92
|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times a Person Used Needles
3-Month Follow-up
|
4.78 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.06
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-upHarm reduction risk behaviors included behaviors that occurred in the past month. The intercourse score was a count of the number of people a person had sex within the last month (0 = none, 5 = more than 10 people), the number of times a person used condoms when having sex with regular partner(s) in the last month (0 = no regular partner, 6 = never), how often they used condoms when they paid for sex (0 = not paid sex, 5 = never), how often they used condoms when having sex with casual partners (0 = no casual partners, 5 = never), and how many times they had anal sex in the last month (0 = 0 times, 5 = more than 5 times). Scores could range from 0 to 26, and a higher score indicated a greater level of intercourse risky behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
n=102 Participants
Supported employment program (Peer Connect2Test) for people who inject drugs to provide SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests to others in their networks
Supported Employment: PeerC2T is part of a supported employment program where PWID are trained and supported to provide PWID with job skills to be able to act as Peer Health Worker to facilitate distribution of rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing to other PWID. The effect of the training on the Peer Health Worker themself will be evaluated.
|
|---|---|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times Person Engaged in Risky Intercourse Behaviors
Baseline
|
8.18 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.67
|
|
Harm Reduction Risk Behaviors - Number of Times Person Engaged in Risky Intercourse Behaviors
3-Month Follow-up
|
8.31 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.80
|
Adverse Events
Experimental: Supported Employment for Peer Health Workers
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place