Trial Outcomes & Findings for Planning a Multi-Level Intervention to Reduce Substance Use Stigma in HIV Prevention and Care (NCT NCT05925374)
NCT ID: NCT05925374
Last Updated: 2026-01-14
Results Overview
This measure assesses how much "social distance" (level of contact/closeness they would prefer in social situations) that a respondent wants to have from a group of people. Four items from the social distance scale (SDS) adapted to people who use drugs. As reported in surveys taken by primary care professionals. Higher score= less social distance and less stigma. Minimum score on each SDS scale= 4; maximum score= 20. The intervention sought to promote higher scores (less desire for social distance, less stigma).
COMPLETED
NA
51 participants
Change from baseline SDS score (measured 0-28 days prior to training) at 0-7 days post-training (pre/post design)
2026-01-14
Participant Flow
Recruitment occurred from January 2023 - May 2023. Primary care professionals at two Michigan primary care sites were emailed information on the voluntary stigma training by site leadership and volunteers were solicited for responding to the pre-training and post-training surveys.
No volunteers were excluded form the study. All primary care professionals who volunteered were admitted to the training and allowed to participate in the surveys.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Training Group
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Overall Study
STARTED
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51
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Overall Study
COMPLETED
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38
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Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
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13
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Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Training Group
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
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13
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Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Training Group
n=51 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Sex: Female, Male
Female
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47 Participants
n=51 Participants
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Sex: Female, Male
Male
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4 Participants
n=51 Participants
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Region of Enrollment
United States
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51 participants
n=51 Participants
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job type
provider
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10 Participants
n=51 Participants
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job type
clinic support staff (nurse, medical assistant)
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16 Participants
n=51 Participants
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job type
Reception
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13 Participants
n=51 Participants
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job type
Other staff
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12 Participants
n=51 Participants
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site
Primary care site 1
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23 Participants
n=51 Participants
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site
Primary care site 2
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28 Participants
n=51 Participants
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burnout
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2.04 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.78 • n=51 Participants
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past 3-month engagement with people who use drugs
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2.92 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.42 • n=51 Participants
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline SDS score (measured 0-28 days prior to training) at 0-7 days post-training (pre/post design)This measure assesses how much "social distance" (level of contact/closeness they would prefer in social situations) that a respondent wants to have from a group of people. Four items from the social distance scale (SDS) adapted to people who use drugs. As reported in surveys taken by primary care professionals. Higher score= less social distance and less stigma. Minimum score on each SDS scale= 4; maximum score= 20. The intervention sought to promote higher scores (less desire for social distance, less stigma).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Training Group
n=38 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Provider-based Stigma (Social Distance Scale (SDS) Measure)
pre-training mean SDS for people who currently use drugs
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9.09 score on a scale
Interval 8.06 to 10.12
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Provider-based Stigma (Social Distance Scale (SDS) Measure)
post-training mean SDS for people who currently use drugs
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11.89 score on a scale
Interval 10.78 to 13.0
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline MCRS score (measured 0-28 days prior to training) at 0-7 days post-training (pre/post design)Population: Primary care staff volunteers who attended the stigma training
This measure assesses how positively healthcare professionals perceive a group of patients. Items from the Medical condition regard scale (MCRS) were adapted to patients who use drugs. As reported in surveys taken by primary care professionals. Higher score= more acceptance of the patient and lower stigma. Minimum score=7; maximum score=35. The intervention sought to promote higher scores (more acceptance, less stigma).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Training Group
n=38 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Provider-based Stigma (Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) Measure)
Pre-training mean MCRS score
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22.70 score on a scale
Interval 21.42 to 23.99
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Provider-based Stigma (Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) Measure)
Post-training mean MCRS score
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25.03 score on a scale
Interval 23.71 to 26.35
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline planned behavior score (measured 0-7 days prior to training) at 0-7 days post-training (pre/post design)Population: primary care staff who volunteered to attend the training
This measure used a single questions asking their level of agreement with the statement, "I intend to engage with patients who use drugs and help them to get evidence-based services over the next 3 months." This was reported in surveys taken by primary care professionals to assess planned stigmatizing actions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Higher score= more intention to help people who use drugs and less stigma. Maximum value=5; minimum value=1. The intervention sought to promote higher scores (more intention to help).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Training Group
n=38 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Provider-based Stigma (Planned Behavior Measure Assessing Intention to Help Patients Who Use Drugs)
Pre-training intention to help people who use drugs
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3.19 score on a scale
Interval 2.82 to 3.55
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Provider-based Stigma (Planned Behavior Measure Assessing Intention to Help Patients Who Use Drugs)
Post-training intention to help people who use drugs
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3.57 score on a scale
Interval 3.15 to 3.99
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: up to 5 months after the trainingPopulation: Two nurses, two medical assistants, and one receptionist
The feasibility of the training was qualitatively assessed in focus groups using verbal feedback from participants. There was no quantification of this outcome other than counting how many participants provided feedback in the focus groups, and instead the feasibility of the training was assessed using thematic analysis, in which verbatim transcripts are read through and assigned brief analytic "codes" that briefly qualitatively summarize the content of participant feedback.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Training Group
n=5 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Number of Participants Who Completed Focus Groups on Training Feasibility
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5 Participants
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: One-time interview lasting 45-60 minutes per participantPopulation: n=6 primary care providers, n=5 medical assistants, n=2 nurses, n=2 receptionists, n=2 senior administrators, n=4 other primary care staff
Qualitatively assessed in in-depth interviews with primary care personnel. There was no quantification of this outcome other than counting how many participants provided feedback in the interviews, and instead the feasibility of the training was assessed using thematic analysis, in which verbatim transcripts are read through and assigned brief analytic "codes" that briefly qualitatively summarize the content of participant feedback.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Training Group
n=21 Participants
Professionals working at a primary care site who has direct interaction with patients. They receive a one-time 2-hour interactive in-person training focused on improving care for patients who use drugs and reducing provider-based stigma. Their baseline attitudes and intended actions are compared to their post-intervention answers to questions in the same domains. Thus, the participants act as their own comparison group, where baseline answers are compared to post-intervention answers.
Substance use stigma training: The intervention is an interactive professional educational training that is designed to manipulate behavioral and normative beliefs in order to address bias and alter professional practices towards patients who use drugs.
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|---|---|
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Number of Participants Who Completed Qualitative Interviews on Policy Feasibility
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21 Participants
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Adverse Events
Training Group
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place