A Study to Evaluate the Introduction of New Staffing Models in Intensive Care: a Realist Evaluation (SEISMIC-R)

Summary

Background: Staffing in intensive care units (ICU) has been in the spotlight since the pandemic. Having enough nurses to deliver safe, quality care in ICU is important. However, what the skill mix should be (how many should be qualified nurses or have an ICU qualification) is unclear. Very little research has been done to look at which nursing staff combinations and mix of skills works best in ICU to support patients (described as 'staffing models').Research shows that there is a link between the quality of nurse staffing and poor patient outcomes, including deaths.

Aim: Our research plans to look at different staffing models across the UK. This study aims to examine new staffing models in ICU across six very different Trusts. This study will use a research technique called Realist Evaluation that examines what works best in different situations and help to understand why some things work for some people and not others. The design of this approach will help to better understand the use of different staff ratios across different ICU settings.

This study will examine what combinations of staff numbers and skills result in better patient care and improved survival rates. The aim is to produce a template that every ICU unit can use. To do this, this study will compare staffing levels with how well patients recover, and seek to understand the decisions behind staffing combinations.

Methods: This study will:

1. carry out a national survey to understand the different staff models being used, comparing this against the current national standard (n=294 ICUs in the UK including Scotland)
2. observe how people at work in 6 hospitals (called ethnography), watching how they make decisions around staffing and the effect on patients. The investigators will also conduct interviews (30 interviews plus 30 ethnographic observations) to understand staffing decisions.
3. look at ICU staffing patterns and models, and linked patient outcomes (such as whether people survive ICU) over 3 years (2019-2023) in those hospitals, including with a very different combination of staffing). The investigators will then carry out some mathematical calculations to understand the best possible staffing combinations, and how this varies.

Conditions

• Critical Illness
• Staff Attitude
• Organisation
• Intensive Care

Interventions

OTHER

n/a (non-interventional)

Non-interventional (Realist Evaluation study)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Southampton

  collaborator OTHER

• Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

  collaborator OTHER

• Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Exeter

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Plymouth

  collaborator OTHER

• London South Bank University

  collaborator OTHER

• University of Hertfordshire

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Natalie A Pattison · University of Hertfordshire

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-06-14

Primary Completion

2025-09-30

Completion

2025-09-30

Countries

• United Kingdom

Study Locations