Trial Outcomes & Findings for Cigarillo Warnings Image Sorting Study (NCT NCT05838378)

Participants were recruited and screened for study eligibility online between January 6 and February 24, 2025, and invited to participate in the study once they were determined to be eligible.

1020 potential participants began the baseline survey. Of those, 46 did not consent to participate in the study, and 193 did not complete the baseline questionnaire and were not randomized. 764 participants were enrolled and randomized in the study. 764 participants were included in the analysis. During the end of study de-briefing at the end of Week 4, 17 participants stated they did not want their data used, and thus were removed from the dataset.

Cigarillo Warnings Image Sorting Study

Assessed by the score for 3 survey items: 1) how interested participants are in quitting cigarillo smoking in the next 30 days; 2) how likely they are to quit smoking cigarillos in the next 30 days; and 3) how much they plan to quit smoking cigarillos in the next 30 days. Each survey item has a 5-pt response scale (1=Not at all to 5= Extremely). All items are averaged to create a composite quit intentions score which can range from 1 to 5. Higher scores are associated with a greater intention to quit.

Assessed by a single survey item asking how interested participants are in cutting back or reducing the number of cigarillos they smoke in the next 30 days. The survey item has a 5-pt response scale (1=Not at all to 5= Extremely). Higher numbers are associated with greater interest in cutting back or reducing the number of cigarillos smoked in the next 30 days

Assessed by 4 survey items with response options of yes/no: in the past week, have you: 1) butted out a cigarillo before you finished because you wanted to smoke less? 2) stopped yourself from smoking a cigarillo because you wanted to smoke less? 3) tried to quit cigarillos completely; 4) tried cutting back on your cigarillo smoking?

Assessed by 4 survey items with response options of yes/no: in the past week, have you: 1) butted out a cigarillo before you finished because you wanted to smoke less? 2) stopped yourself from smoking a cigarillo because you wanted to smoke less? 3) tried to quit cigarillos completely; 4) tried cutting back on your cigarillo smoking?

Assessed by 4 survey items with response options of yes/no: in the past week, have you: 1) butted out a cigarillo before you finished because you wanted to smoke less? 2) stopped yourself from smoking a cigarillo because you wanted to smoke less? 3) tried to quit cigarillos completely; 4) tried cutting back on your cigarillo smoking?

Assessed by a single survey item asking how successful participants think they would be if they tried to quit smoking in the next 30 days. The survey item has a 5-pt response scale (0=Not at all to 5= Extremely). Higher numbers suggest greater anticipated success.

Assessed by an image of a quit ladder, asking participants where they are now on the ladder in regards to cigarillo smoking (1 is no thought of quitting - 10 is taking action to quit). Higher numbers are associated with greater readiness to quite.

Assessed by one survey item asking participants if they noticed any health warnings on the cigarillo packages during the study, with response options of Yes, No, and I'm not sure. Recall is defined as a "Yes" response.

Assessed by four survey items assessing participants' perceptions of the warning for 1) grabbing attention; 2) eliciting disgust/emotions; 3) thinking about the risks; 4) self-reported learning. Response options from 1 = not at all to 5 = very much. Higher numbers indicate 1) more attention-grabbing; 2) greater negative emotions; 3) more thinking about the risks; 4) greater self-reported learning.

Assessed by one survey item asking participants to identify which warning they saw during the study period. Participants will be shown their warning, a warning they did not see, and "I'm not sure" response options. Selecting the correct warning indicates warning recognition.

Assessed with 2 survey items about participants' perceptions about the relevance of the cigarillo warning for those who smoke cigarillos with cannabis (i.e., blunts). Response options ranged from 1 = not at all to 5 = very much. Higher numbers indicate greater relevance of the warnings.

The average score on participants' beliefs about cigarillo smoking harms, assessed with 11 survey items. The 11 survey items are averaged to create a belief score. Belief scoring is on a 5 point response scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree). Higher scores are associated with stronger agreement with the belief statements about the harms of cigarillo use.

Knowledge is assessed with 10 survey items about the harms associated with cigarillo smoking, such as cigarillos being addictive and causing heart disease with three response options: True = 1, False = 0, I don't know = 0. Scores can range from 0 to 10 about the harms participants answered correctly (True responses).

Assessed with the first of 3 survey items about: 1) the frequency in which participants talked to others about the harms of cigarillo smoking, 2) quitting cigarillo smoking, or 3) about the packages in the study. Response options range from 1 = never to 5 = 10 times or more. Higher numbers suggest more social interactions.

Assessed with the second of 3 survey items about: 1) the frequency in which participants talked to others about the harms of cigarillo smoking, 2) quitting cigarillo smoking, or 3) about the packages in the study. Response options range from 1 = never to 5 = 10 times or more. Higher numbers suggest more social interactions.

Assessed with the third of 3 survey items about: 1) the frequency in which participants talked to others about the harms of cigarillo smoking, 2) quitting cigarillo smoking, or 3) about the packages in the study. Response options range from 1 = never to 5 = 10 times or more. Higher numbers suggest more social interactions.