The Effect of Music, White Noise and Heart Sound on Neonatal Pain

Summary

Infants are exposed to many painful procedures during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Some epidemiological studies report that infants experience an average of 7.5-14 painful procedures per day per infant during the first 14 days of their hospitalization.

The most significant problem encountered in understanding pain in infants is the lack of verbal expression of pain. Newborns express their pain with nonverbal behavioral expressions. Therefore, any pain assessment is based on the ability to recognize the pain symptoms of others. The pain experienced may cause physiological imbalances and abnormalities in brain development and stress response in infants in the short and long term. It can negatively affect family-infant communication, as well as cause emotional and psychosomatic problems later in life.

Today, music therapy has positive effects on reducing stress, reducing pain, oxygen saturation level, and peak heart rate values in providing individualized developmental care of the infant in neonatal intensive care units. Heart sound, babies hear the mother's heart sound the most during the intrauterine period in the womb. Therefore, when babies hear the sound, they are familiar with in the womb, they will feel safe and a sense of relaxation will occur in the baby. Several studies have proven that playing heartbeat sounds to newborn babies can positively affect their physiological indicators, feeding, length of hospital stay and pain outcomes. The current literature shows that the presence of rhythmic sound can positively affect the neurobehavioral development of the infant and reduce pain. Rhythmic sounds have healing/positive effects on newborns; listening to white noise reduces preterms' pain scores, stabilizes vital signs, and plays an active role in preterms' sleep-wake period.

In line with all this information, this study was carried out as a randomized controlled experimental study in order to determine the effects of music played during heel spear application, white noise and heart sound in infants.

Conditions

• Neonatal
• Pain

Interventions

OTHER

White noise

Each baby was listened to white noise 10 minutes before, during and 20 minutes after the painful attempt.

OTHER

Heart sound

Each baby listened to heart sounds at an average rate of 70 beats 10 minutes before, during and 20 minutes after the painful procedure.

OTHER

Music

Each baby was listened to the music that the mother listened to the most during pregnancy restriction 10 minutes before, during and after the painful attempt.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Birsen Mutlu · İstanbul Universty-Cerrahpaşa

Study Design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

SINGLE

Model

CROSSOVER

Eligibility

Min Age

1 Day

Max Age

30 Days

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2020-10-01

Primary Completion

2021-01-30

Completion

2023-02-27

Countries

• Turkey (Türkiye)

Study Locations