Trial Outcomes & Findings for Transitioning Youth Out of Homelessness 2.0 (TYOH 2.0) (NCT NCT05781503)

NCT ID: NCT05781503

Last Updated: 2026-05-07

Results Overview

To examine intervention feasibility and acceptability, quantitative measures consisting of recruitment/enrolment/dropout metrics will be utilized. Recruitment rate will be estimated as the proportion of contacted individuals who express interest in participating in the study. The enrollment rate will be calculated as the proportion of recruited individuals who are eligible and consent to participate in the study. Dropout rates will be separately calculated for intervention and control groups at the end of the study as the 1 - proportion of randomized participants who completed the study at 12 months. Exact (Clopper-Pearson) 95% confidence limits will also be calculated.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

40 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Assessed at baseline and 12-months.

Results posted on

2026-05-07

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Overall Study
STARTED
20
20
Overall Study
COMPLETED
18
20
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
2
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Total
n=40 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
10 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
19 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age, Customized
16-18 years
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age, Customized
19-21 years
10 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age, Customized
22-24 years
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
14 Participants
n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Boy/man
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
14 Participants
n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Girl/woman
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
19 Participants
n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Non-binary/Trans/Two-Spirit
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
7 Participants
n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Sexual Orientation Different than "hetero"/"straight"
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
15 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Arab, Middle Eastern, or West Asian
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
East/Southeast Asian
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Indigenous
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Latin American
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Mixed
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
South Asian or Indo-Caribbean
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Did not specify
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Site
Toronto (Covenant House)
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
Site
Toronto (StepStones)
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
10 Participants
n=40 Participants
Site
Hamilton (Living Rock)
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
Site
St. Catharines (RAFT)
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
12 Participants
n=40 Participants
Immigration Status
Canadian Citizen
16 Participants
n=20 Participants
16 Participants
n=20 Participants
32 Participants
n=40 Participants
Immigration Status
Permanent Resident
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
4 Participants
n=40 Participants
Immigration Status
Refugee
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Immigration Status
International Study/Work Permit
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Child Welfare Involvement
14 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
23 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age First Homeless
13-15 years
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age First Homeless
16-18 years
14 Participants
n=20 Participants
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
22 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age First Homeless
19-21 years
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=40 Participants
Age First Homeless
22-25 years
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attempts to Live on Own After Being Homeless
1-2
13 Participants
n=20 Participants
14 Participants
n=20 Participants
27 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attempts to Live on Own After Being Homeless
3-4
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
10 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attempts to Live on Own After Being Homeless
5+
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attempts to Live on Own After Being Homeless
Did not specify
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
Highest Education Level
Less than grade 9
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Highest Education Level
Some high school
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
16 Participants
n=40 Participants
Highest Education Level
Completed high school
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
14 Participants
n=40 Participants
Highest Education Level
Some post-secondary
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=40 Participants
Highest Education Level
Completed post-secondary
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Regular Contact With Adult Relative
Regular Contact With Adult Relative
14 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
23 Participants
n=40 Participants
Regular Contact With Adult Relative
Did Not Specify
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Adult That Provides Guidance and Encouragement
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
19 Participants
n=40 Participants
Receiving Social Assistance
17 Participants
n=20 Participants
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
28 Participants
n=40 Participants
Employed in Past Month
Employed in Past Month
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
20 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Mental Health Supports Inside Shelter System
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Physical Health Supports Inside Shelter System
Accessing Physical Health Supports Inside Shelter System
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Physical Health Supports Inside Shelter System
Did Not Specify
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Mental health Supports Outside Shelter System
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Physical Health Supports Outside Shelter System
10 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
19 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Food Assistance Programs
Accessing Food Assistance Programs
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
8 Participants
n=20 Participants
15 Participants
n=40 Participants
Accessing Food Assistance Programs
Did Not Specify
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attending Secondary or Post-Secondary Classes
Attending Secondary or Post-Secondary Classes
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
19 Participants
n=40 Participants
Attending Secondary or Post-Secondary Classes
Did Not Specify
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Employed in Past Month
Did Not Specify
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
Hours Worked Per Week in Past Month
1-20 hours
7 Participants
n=20 Participants
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
Hours Worked Per Week in Past Month
21-40 hours
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Hours Worked Per Week in Past Month
40+ hours
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
4 Participants
n=40 Participants
Job is Meaningful
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
9 Participants
n=40 Participants
Participating in Paid or Unpaid Training/Trades Program
Participating in Paid or Unpaid Training/Trades Program
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Participating in Paid or Unpaid Training/Trades Program
Did Not Specify
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
Mental Health (as measured by Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener)
Internalizing Disorder Screener
4.6 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
4.3 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=19 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
4.4 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=39 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
Mental Health (as measured by Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener)
Externalizing Disorder Screener
3.7 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
1.9 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
2.8 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=40 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
Mental Health (as measured by Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener)
Substance Disorder Screener
1.9 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
1.2 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
1.5 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 • n=40 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
Mental Health (as measured by Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener)
Crime and Violence Screener
0.9 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=18 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
0.5 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=20 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.
0.7 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=38 Participants • Missing data (due to participants opting out of questions) resulted in some variation in the population number for each subscale.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 12-months.

Population: This outcome reflects recruitment, enrolment, and retention feasibility metrics. Group-level data for participants contacted, recruited, and enrolled were not recorded; however, dropout data was collected and is reported by group.

To examine intervention feasibility and acceptability, quantitative measures consisting of recruitment/enrolment/dropout metrics will be utilized. Recruitment rate will be estimated as the proportion of contacted individuals who express interest in participating in the study. The enrollment rate will be calculated as the proportion of recruited individuals who are eligible and consent to participate in the study. Dropout rates will be separately calculated for intervention and control groups at the end of the study as the 1 - proportion of randomized participants who completed the study at 12 months. Exact (Clopper-Pearson) 95% confidence limits will also be calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by Recruitment, Enrolment, and Dropout Metrics)
Enrolled
20 Participants
20 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by Recruitment, Enrolment, and Dropout Metrics)
Completed Study
18 Participants
20 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by Recruitment, Enrolment, and Dropout Metrics)
Dropped Out
2 Participants
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months.

We conducted focus groups with intervention (rent subsidy + identity capital intervention) participants. Focus group questions explored intervention feasibility and acceptability. Focus group data from all time points was analyzed together.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=18 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Informed by Qualitative Data From Focus Groups)
Sub-themes
8 Key themes and sub-themes
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Informed by Qualitative Data From Focus Groups)
Themes
3 Key themes and sub-themes

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at 12-months.

Population: Results reflect the 18 participants in the intervention arm who completed the study.

Feasibility and acceptability of the coaching component of the identity capital intervention was assessed by coaching session attendance, as recorded by coaches. Overall coaching session attendance was measured as the percentage of total possible coaching sessions attended over the 12-month period (maximum 24 sessions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=18 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by Coaching Session Attendance Over 12 Months)
55.2 Percentage of Sessions Attended
Standard Deviation 38.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months.

Population: Participant numbers are lower than the total intervention group (n=20), as two participants dropped out over time.

Feasibility and acceptability of the co-designed leadership guide component of the identity capital intervention was assessed using the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire (self-report measure was developed for this study and administered only to intervention participants).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=19 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · Less than 30 minutes
4 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · 30 minutes - less than 1 hour
5 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · 1 hour - less than 2 hours
6 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · 2 hours - less than 3 hours
2 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · 3 hours - less than 4 hours
1 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (4-months) · 4 hours or more
1 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · Less than 30 minutes
4 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · 30 minutes - less than 1 hour
8 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · 1 hour - less than 2 hours
4 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · 2 hours - less than 3 hours
2 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · 3 hours - less than 4 hours
0 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (8-months) · 4 hours or more
0 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · Less than 30 minutes
7 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · 30 minutes - less than 1 hour
6 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · 1 hour - less than 2 hours
3 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · 2 hours - less than 3 hours
1 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · 3 hours - less than 4 hours
1 Participants
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Intervention Over 12 Months (Measured by the Intervention Engagement Questionnaire)
Weekly time spent on leadership guide activities (12-months) · 4 hours or more
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months. Baseline and 12-month scores reported.

Population: Missing data from 1 participant at baseline and 2 participants at 12-months (2 intervention participants dropped out).

The 20-item self-report Housing Security Scale contains the following sub-scales: Subjective Stability (range 5-30; higher scores indicate more housing security); Safety Net (range 3-18; higher scores indicate more housing security); Threats to Stability (range 7-42; higher scores indicate less housing security).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=19 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Subjective Stability (Baseline)
17.6 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.3
18.3 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.9
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Safety Net (Baseline)
8.7 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
8.4 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.2
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Threats to Stability (Baseline)
18.3 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.5
16.0 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 6.4
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Subjective Stability (12 Months)
20.0 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.9
18.9 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 6.0
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Safety Net (12 Months)
8.9 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.3
9.6 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.5
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Continuous Outcomes)
Threats to Stability (12 Months)
16.3 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.0
15.4 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months. Baseline and 12-month data reported.

Population: Missing data from 1 participant at baseline and 2 participants at 12-months (2 intervention participants dropped out).

The Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (MAPS20) is a 20-item validated self-report measure that explores domains related to identity capital. The MAPS20 contains the following sub-scales: Self-Esteem; Purpose in Life; Internal Locus of Control; Self-Efficacy/Ego Strength. Each subscale has a score range of 5-30, with higher scores indicating greater identity capital.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=19 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Self-Esteem (12 Months)
19.7 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.0
17.7 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 2.9
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Purpose in Life (12 Months)
18.4 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.6
18.2 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.4
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Locus of Control (12 Months)
19.9 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.7
18.7 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.6
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Self-Efficacy (12 Months)
20.1 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 3.4
18.9 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.0
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Self-Esteem (Baseline)
18.1 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.3
18.5 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.8
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Purpose in Life (Baseline)
17.3 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.7
17.8 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 5.2
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Locus of Control (Baseline)
20.3 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.2
20.9 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.0
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Identity Capital (Measured by the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale)
Self-Efficacy (Baseline)
18.7 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 6.0
20.1 Score on a Scale
Standard Deviation 4.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at baseline and 12-months.

Population: Missing data from 1 participant at baseline and 2 participants at 12-months (2 intervention participants dropped out). One additional participant skipped the EET question at 12-months.

This five-item self-report measure was developed for this study and explores engagement in education (secondary or post-secondary), employment (full- or part-time; formal and informal), and training (paid or unpaid apprenticeship). Employment, education, and training (EET) is a composite binary outcome, where EET = 1 if participants are attending classes, employed, or participating in a training program, and EET = 0 otherwise.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=19 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Change in Employment, Education, or Training From Baseline to 12 Months (Assessed by a Questionnaire)
EET (Baseline)
14 Participants
13 Participants
Change in Employment, Education, or Training From Baseline to 12 Months (Assessed by a Questionnaire)
EET (12 Months)
12 Participants
12 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 4-months, 8-months, and 12-months. Baseline and 12-month data reported.

Population: Missing data from 1 participant at baseline and 2 participants at 12-months (2 intervention participants dropped out).

The 20-item self-report Housing Security Scale contains a composite binary indicator of housing need, in addition to the previously reported continuous outcome sub-scales. The number of participants responding in the affirmative is reported (affirmative response indicates that the participant has unmet housing needs).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=19 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Binary Outcomes)
Housing Need (Baseline)
11 Participants
11 Participants
Change From Baseline to 12 Months in Housing Security (Measured by the Housing Security Scale) (Binary Outcomes)
Housing Need (12 Months)
13 Participants
11 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Demographics assessed at baseline; Coaching attendance assessed at 12-months.

Population: Participants in the intervention group (N = 20) who completed the baseline demographic questionnaire and had data on coaching engagement. Gender identity was the only demographic variable included in this subgroup analysis. Mean coaching engagement was calculated for each gender sub-group: boys/men (n = 5), women/girls (n = 11), and non-binary/trans/Two-Spirit (n = 4).

This 17-item self-report measure was developed for this study and explores domains related to: age; gender; race/ethnicity; sexual orientation; immigration status; child welfare involvement; homelessness entrenchment; education; social support; financial support; physical health support; mental health support; food security.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention
n=20 Participants
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. In addition to the rent subsidy, participants received a co-designed leadership guide and individualized coaching. Coaching was delivered by two professionals with established coaching practices, using a flexible, supportive coaching model that combined Brief Solution-Focused Coaching principles with a relational and strengths-based approach, based on participant needs. Coaches met with participants individually every two weeks and hosted monthly group sessions. The leadership guide, co-developed with youth who had experienced homelessness, contained 12 chapters aimed at fostering identity capital (purpose, control, self-efficacy, and self-esteem).
Rent Subsidy Only
Participants in this group received a 12-month portable rent subsidy (CAD $700/month in Hamilton and St. Catharines; CAD $800/month in Toronto), paid directly to landlords and facilitated by community partner organizations. These participants did not receive coaching or the co-designed leadership guide during the study period. However, they were offered access to the leadership guide after the study was completed.
Coaching Engagement Stratified by Gender
Man
37.5 Percentage of Sessions Attended
Standard Deviation 37.7
Coaching Engagement Stratified by Gender
Woman
54.2 Percentage of Sessions Attended
Standard Deviation 41.6
Coaching Engagement Stratified by Gender
Non-Binary/Trans
80.2 Percentage of Sessions Attended
Standard Deviation 11.0

Adverse Events

Rent Subsidy + Identity Capital Intervention

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Rent Subsidy Only

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Naomi Thulien

Unity Health Toronto

Phone: (416) 864-6060

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place