Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effects of Administration of SCFA in Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequate Responders (NCT NCT05718583)

NCT ID: NCT05718583

Last Updated: 2026-06-02

Results Overview

Change in alpha diversity by Shannon Entropy of the gut microbiota after taking butyrate supplement for one month was measured. Alpha diversity by Shannon Entropy quantifies the complexity of a single community by accounting for both species richness (total number of types) and species evenness (distribution of abundance). It calculates the uncertainty of predicting the identity of an individual picked at random, where higher entropy implies higher diversity.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

20 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, Month 1 Post-Treatment Initiation

Results posted on

2026-06-02

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Overall Study
STARTED
20
Overall Study
COMPLETED
19
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
1

Baseline Characteristics

Effects of Administration of SCFA in Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequate Responders

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
n=19 Participants
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Age, Continuous
45.63 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.09 • n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
17 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
7 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
12 Participants
n=9 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
5 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
10 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
19 participants
n=9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Month 1 Post-Treatment Initiation

Population: Methotrexate inadequate responders who were given a butyrate supplement along with methotrexate as SOC for one month.

Change in alpha diversity by Shannon Entropy of the gut microbiota after taking butyrate supplement for one month was measured. Alpha diversity by Shannon Entropy quantifies the complexity of a single community by accounting for both species richness (total number of types) and species evenness (distribution of abundance). It calculates the uncertainty of predicting the identity of an individual picked at random, where higher entropy implies higher diversity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
n=7 Participants
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Change From Baseline in Microbiome Alpha Diversity
0.19 index
Interval -0.03 to 0.41

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Month 1 Post-Treatment Initiation

Measured via participant blood draws.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
n=19 Participants
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Change in Serum SCFA Concentration
NA micromolar (uM)
Preliminary analyses of serum SCFA concentration were below the limit of detection therefore the investigators did not proceed with collecting data for this secondary outcome measure.

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Month 1 Post-Treatment Initiation

Measured via participant stool samples.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Month 1 Post-Treatment Initiation

Population: Methotrexate inadequate responders who were given a butyrate supplement along with methotrexate as SOC for one month.

Measured via participant blood draws. Percentage of peripheral regulatory T cells were determined by flow cytometry at baseline and 1 month after intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment
n=11 Participants
Oral butyrate will be taken at 1000 mg three times daily with meals by RA patients who have active disease and are currently taking methotrexate (MTX) at prescriber's recommended dose. There will be no dose escalation of the study supplement. Clinical data to assess for adverse events, stool, urine samples and peripheral blood will be collected at baseline, 1 month, and with an optional 2-month time-point. Butyrate: Participants will self-administer the oral Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Butyrate supplement three times daily with meals for up to 2 months. The minimum duration necessary for an "evaluable" participant will be 2 weeks of SCFA supplementation.
Change in Peripheral Regulatory T Cell Concentration
0.646 Percentage of Regulatory T Cells
Standard Deviation 1.534

Adverse Events

RA Patients Who Are Inadequate Responders to Current RA Treatment

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Rebecca B. Blank, MD, PhD

NYU Langone Health

Phone: 646-501-7400

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place