Trial Outcomes & Findings for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients With Parkinson's Disease (NCT NCT05537597)
NCT ID: NCT05537597
Last Updated: 2026-02-17
Results Overview
Modified King's PD Pain Scale (MKPPS)，the modified version which is more suitable for Chinese people, combined with Ford's pain subtypes basing on the original. It covers five main domains, including 16 items, each item scored by severity (0-3) multiplied by frequency (0-4), resulting in a total possible score range from 0 to 192. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severities and more serious influence.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
62 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)
Results posted on
2026-02-17
Participant Flow
After screened, 68 patients were included in the study, of which, 6 withdrew consent before randomization. 2 patients were exhausted to the journey, 3 patients were declined to participate, 1 patient was infected coronavirus.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
40
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
Intervention Intervention
|
40
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
1-month
|
39
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
31
|
18
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
9
|
4
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Total
n=62 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
63.03 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.22 • n=40 Participants
|
62.73 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.70 • n=22 Participants
|
62.92 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.99 • n=62 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
22 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=62 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
18 Participants
n=40 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=62 Participants
|
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
|
—
|
—
|
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
|
|
Region of Enrollment
China
|
40 participants
n=40 Participants
|
22 participants
n=22 Participants
|
62 participants
n=62 Participants
|
|
Disease duration
|
7 years
n=40 Participants
|
4 years
n=22 Participants
|
6 years
n=62 Participants
|
|
Education
|
7.45 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.63 • n=40 Participants
|
8.77 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.90 • n=22 Participants
|
7.92 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.52 • n=62 Participants
|
|
levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD)
|
715.03 mg/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 61.26 • n=40 Participants
|
586.72 mg/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 56.93 • n=22 Participants
|
669.50 mg/day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 44.78 • n=62 Participants
|
|
Resting motor threshold
|
46.33 percentage of maximum stimulator output
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=40 Participants
|
46.33 percentage of maximum stimulator output
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.68 • n=22 Participants
|
46.33 percentage of maximum stimulator output
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.05 • n=62 Participants
|
|
Modified KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
|
15.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
12.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
15 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
|
8.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
8.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
8.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
0-10 numeric rating scale
|
5.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
4.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
5.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part I
|
12.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
11.5 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
12.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part II
|
12.98 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.90 • n=40 Participants
|
12.05 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.12 • n=22 Participants
|
12.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.70 • n=62 Participants
|
|
Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part III
|
30.88 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.84 • n=40 Participants
|
30.82 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.24 • n=22 Participants
|
30.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.64 • n=62 Participants
|
|
Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part IV
|
1.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
4.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
3.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Hoehn and Yahr stage
|
2.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
2.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
2 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Hamilton Anxiety Scale
|
11.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
9.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
10.5 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Hamilton Depression Scale
|
11.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
9.5 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
10.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
PD Sleep Scale-2
|
10.5 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
10.5 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
10.5 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
|
Epworth Sleeping Scale
|
8.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.90 • n=40 Participants
|
8.23 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.94 • n=22 Participants
|
8.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.68 • n=62 Participants
|
|
the Scales for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic Symptoms
|
17.70 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.41 • n=40 Participants
|
16.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.10 • n=22 Participants
|
17.29 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.17 • n=62 Participants
|
|
PD Questionnaire-39
|
36.0 units on a scale
n=40 Participants
|
33.0 units on a scale
n=22 Participants
|
35.0 units on a scale
n=62 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)Modified King's PD Pain Scale (MKPPS)，the modified version which is more suitable for Chinese people, combined with Ford's pain subtypes basing on the original. It covers five main domains, including 16 items, each item scored by severity (0-3) multiplied by frequency (0-4), resulting in a total possible score range from 0 to 192. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severities and more serious influence.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in Modified KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
Day 8
|
12.41 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.52 • Interval 11.39 to 13.47
|
13.64 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.40 • Interval 12.19 to 15.09
|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in Modified KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
1 month
|
9.96 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.72 • Interval 8.88 to 11.04
|
14.71 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.97 • Interval 13.2 to 16.21
|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in Modified KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
2 months
|
10.61 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.85 • Interval 9.44 to 11.78
|
15.84 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.14 • Interval 14.19 to 17.49
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (day 1), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)KING'S PD Pain Scale (KPPS) Domain 1 focused on musculoskeletal pain, covering one item, which was scored by multiplying severity (from 0 \[no pain\] to 3 \[very severe pain\]) by frequency (from 0 \[never\] to 4 \[all the time\]), yielding sub-scores between 0 and 12. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
Day8
|
6.55 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.43 • Interval 5.95 to 7.15
|
6.95 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.30 • Interval 6.14 to 7.76
|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
1 month
|
5.78 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.50 • Interval 5.17 to 6.38
|
7.49 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.12 • Interval 6.65 to 8.34
|
|
Change From Baseline Over 2 Months (Group by Time Interaction) in KING'S PD Pain Scale Domain 1
2 months
|
5.63 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.54 • Interval 4.97 to 6.28
|
7.79 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.32 • Interval 6.86 to 8.71
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)Pain intensity was assessed over the past 24 hours using a 0-10 number, where 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating maximal pain.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale
Day8
|
3.89 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.17 • Interval 3.57 to 4.21
|
4.26 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.14 • Interval 3.82 to 4.69
|
|
Change in 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale
1 month
|
3.34 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.23 • Interval 3.01 to 3.66
|
4.42 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.22 • Interval 3.97 to 4.87
|
|
Change in 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale
2 months
|
3.49 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.30 • Interval 3.14 to 3.84
|
4.81 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.27 • Interval 4.31 to 5.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (day 1), after rTMS therapy (day8)Population: 55 patients participated in the EEG assessment before and after treatment. However, only 30 in M1-rTMS and 17 in sham-rTMS were retained for the final analysis, as 8 patients' EEG signals were faulty.
For each EEG epoch, we computed the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to convert to frequency domain. The power values in following five frequency bands were obtained: delta (1-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha(8-13Hz), beta(13-30Hz), gamma(30-80Hz).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=30 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=17 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Resting-state EEG Oscillations
the ratios of relative theta Power(pre)/Power(post) in the central region.
|
0.89 ratio
Interval 0.79 to 1.06
|
1.05 ratio
Interval 0.99 to 1.11
|
|
Changes in Resting-state EEG Oscillations
the ratios of relative theta Power(pre)/Power(post) in the posterior region.
|
0.83 ratio
Interval 0.73 to 1.14
|
1.16 ratio
Interval 0.9 to 1.33
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The participants will be evaluated in their "ON" medication states. The scale was used to assess the impact of non-motor symptoms on daily life, ranging from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part I
Day8
|
10.77 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.41 • Interval 10.23 to 11.31
|
11.38 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.26 • Interval 10.65 to 12.11
|
|
Changes in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part I
1 month
|
10.92 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.48 • Interval 10.36 to 11.47
|
11.35 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.64 • Interval 10.61 to 12.09
|
|
Changes in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part I
2 months
|
10.76 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.5 • Interval 10.16 to 11.35
|
11.99 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.77 • Interval 11.18 to 12.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The participants will be evaluated in their "ON" medication states. The scale was used to evaluate the patient's perspective on how motor symptoms impact their ability to perform daily activities, ranging from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part II
Day8
|
11.17 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.24 • Interval 10.71 to 11.62
|
12.05 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.22 • Interval 11.44 to 12.66
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part II
1 month
|
11.26 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.31 • Interval 10.8 to 11.72
|
12.18 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.38 • Interval 11.56 to 12.8
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part II
2 months
|
11.54 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.33 • Interval 11.04 to 12.04
|
12.51 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.45 • Interval 11.84 to 13.19
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The participants will be evaluated in their "ON" medication states. The scale was used to provide a quantitative, objective measure of motor signs, ranging from 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part III
Day8
|
27.69 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.63 • Interval 26.7 to 28.68
|
29.25 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.41 • Interval 27.92 to 30.58
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part III
1 month
|
27.62 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.56 • Interval 26.61 to 28.63
|
29.91 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.87 • Interval 28.55 to 31.26
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part III
2 months
|
29.23 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.74 • Interval 28.12 to 30.33
|
31.51 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.23 • Interval 30.02 to 32.99
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The participants will be evaluated in their "ON" medication states. The scale was used to document the presence and impact of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, ranging from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part IV
Day8
|
3.15 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.79 • Interval 2.91 to 3.39
|
3.30 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.08 • Interval 2.98 to 3.62
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part IV
1 month
|
2.85 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.18 • Interval 2.61 to 3.1
|
3.40 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.18 • Interval 3.07 to 3.73
|
|
Change in Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale Part IV
2 months
|
2.86 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.27 • Interval 2.59 to 3.13
|
3.53 units on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.14 • Interval 3.17 to 3.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The depression score (ranging from 0 to 76 with higher scores indicating more severe depression) from the 24 items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Hamilton Depression Scale
Day8
|
9.28 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.32 • Interval 8.63 to 9.92
|
10.83 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.39 • Interval 9.96 to 11.7
|
|
Changes in Hamilton Depression Scale
1 month
|
9.19 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.45 • Interval 8.53 to 9.85
|
10.95 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.46 • Interval 10.06 to 11.84
|
|
Changes in Hamilton Depression Scale
2 months
|
10.29 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.47 • Interval 9.58 to 11.01
|
12.40 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.78 • Interval 11.42 to 13.38
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The anxiety score (ranging from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety) from the 14 items Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale
1 month
|
10.15 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.51 • Interval 9.58 to 10.72
|
11.25 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.47 • Interval 10.49 to 12.02
|
|
Changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale
2 months
|
10.72 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.58 • Interval 10.11 to 11.33
|
11.95 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.58 • Interval 11.12 to 12.79
|
|
Changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale
Day8
|
10.20 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.41 • Interval 9.65 to 10.76
|
11.11 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.35 • Interval 10.36 to 11.86
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The sleep problem index (from 0 to 68 with higher scores indicating more severe sleep problem) from the PD Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in PD Sleep Scale-2
Day8
|
11.14 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.59 • Interval 10.17 to 12.1
|
13.58 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.75 • Interval 12.28 to 14.89
|
|
Changes in PD Sleep Scale-2
1 month
|
11.12 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.53 • Interval 10.13 to 12.1
|
14.57 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.81 • Interval 13.24 to 15.9
|
|
Changes in PD Sleep Scale-2
2 months
|
11.33 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.72 • Interval 10.27 to 12.4
|
14.68 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.07 • Interval 13.22 to 16.14
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (day 1), after rTMS therapy at day8、1month、2monthsThe daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleeping Scale, which has a score range of 0-24, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Epworth Sleeping Scale
Day8
|
6.92 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.56 • Interval 6.07 to 7.77
|
8.85 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.40 • Interval 7.7 to 10.0
|
|
Changes in Epworth Sleeping Scale
1 month
|
8.44 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.58 • Interval 7.57 to 9.32
|
8.29 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.46 • Interval 7.12 to 9.46
|
|
Changes in Epworth Sleeping Scale
2 months
|
8.17 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.62 • Interval 7.23 to 9.11
|
9.10 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.88 • Interval 7.81 to 10.38
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)The Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOUP-AUT), which has a score range of 0-67, with higher scores indicating higher autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms
Day8
|
15.61 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.52 • Interval 14.58 to 16.63
|
16.83 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.53 • Interval 15.44 to 18.21
|
|
Changes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms
1 month
|
14.73 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.80 • Interval 13.68 to 15.78
|
16.84 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.53 • Interval 15.43 to 18.25
|
|
Changes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms
2 months
|
14.95 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.94 • Interval 13.83 to 16.07
|
16.68 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.59 • Interval 15.15 to 18.21
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2months)We will also assess change in quality of life from the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), ranging from 0 to 156 with higher scores indicating more serious influence.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 Participants
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 Participants
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in PD Questionnaire-39
Day8
|
29.12 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.07 • Interval 27.29 to 30.94
|
34.60 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.54 • Interval 32.14 to 37.07
|
|
Changes in PD Questionnaire-39
2 months
|
28.10 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.44 • Interval 26.1 to 30.09
|
36.71 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.50 • Interval 33.99 to 39.44
|
|
Changes in PD Questionnaire-39
1 month
|
26.03 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 1.69 • Interval 24.17 to 27.9
|
34.04 score on a scale
95% Confidence Interval 0.78 • Interval 31.53 to 36.54
|
Adverse Events
M1-rTMS Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 15 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham-rTMS Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 9 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
M1-rTMS Group
n=40 participants at risk
active M1-rTMS: Magnetic stimulation will be carried out using a MagPro X100 machine with a MCF-B70 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure, Farum). All rTMS sessions will be assisted by a neuronavigation system (TMS Navigator，Localite GmbH), maintaining the M1 target and the orientation of coil stable during stimulation sessions. The M1 target was defined as the "hand knob" region, which corresponds to the motor cortical representation of the hand, regardless of the location of pain.
Stimulation paradigm consists of 20 trains of pulses with an intra-train frequency of 20 Hz, resulting in 2000 pulses for a total duration of 20 minutes.
The stimulation intensity will be 80% of RMT, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity necessary to induce a visible muscle twitch of the hand contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
Sham-rTMS Group
n=22 participants at risk
sham rTMS: The sham protocol was similar to the rTMS protocol. Sham stimulations will be performed with a MCF-P-B65 figure-of-eight coil (Magventure) to M1, assisted by a neuronavigation system.
The following stimulation parameters will be used: stimulus frequency 20 Hz; stimulus intensity 80 % of RMT; total stimulation pulses 2,000; total stimulation time 20 min.
Participants will receive 7 sessions of treatment once a day in the same time continuously for 7 days, and keep antiparkinsonism drugs unchanged throughout the whole study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Nervous system disorders
dizziness
|
15.0%
6/40 • Number of events 6 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
18.2%
4/22 • Number of events 4 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
|
Nervous system disorders
headaches
|
15.0%
6/40 • Number of events 6 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
13.6%
3/22 • Number of events 3 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
|
Ear and labyrinth disorders
tinnitus
|
5.0%
2/40 • Number of events 2 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
4.5%
1/22 • Number of events 1 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
|
Nervous system disorders
transient aggravation of tremor
|
2.5%
1/40 • Number of events 1 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
4.5%
1/22 • Number of events 1 • before the first rTMS session (baseline), after rTMS therapy (day8、1month、2month)
|
Additional Information
Department of Neurology
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
Phone: 0512-67784179
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place