Trial Outcomes & Findings for Learning in Stroke (NCT NCT05511467)

NCT ID: NCT05511467

Last Updated: 2025-10-20

Results Overview

Isometric whole-hand grip force is captured continuously with grip-force transducers (at 1000Hz) and adjusted relative to the individual maximum voluntary contraction. Precision of force adjustment is based on the recorded muscle force monitored during task performance and defined as the actual force exerted by the participant relative to the target force (measurement unit: precision in %), with positive values indicating over- and negative values indicating undershoot. Learning rate from before to after learning will be defined as the difference in precision between before as compared to after one single learning session. Precision error was calculated as the percentage deviation of the actual grip force from the target force, averaged across trials before and after the learning task. A reduction in force error indexes a behavioral advantage of force adjustment over time and is thus interpreted as learning.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

40 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Pre Learning Session and Post Learning Session (approximately 90 minutes)

Results posted on

2025-10-20

Participant Flow

Recruitment period 09/01/2022 - 03/30/2024

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
stroke group
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
control group
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
Overall Study
STARTED
25
15
Overall Study
COMPLETED
24
15
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
1
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Learning in Stroke

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
stroke group
n=25 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
control group
n=15 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
Total
n=40 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
16 Participants
n=99 Participants
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
24 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
9 Participants
n=99 Participants
7 Participants
n=107 Participants
16 Participants
n=206 Participants
Age, Continuous
59 years
n=99 Participants
60 years
n=107 Participants
59.5 years
n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
11 Participants
n=99 Participants
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
19 Participants
n=206 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
14 Participants
n=99 Participants
7 Participants
n=107 Participants
21 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
13 Participants
n=99 Participants
13 Participants
n=107 Participants
26 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
12 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
14 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
25 Participants
n=99 Participants
15 Participants
n=107 Participants
40 Participants
n=206 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre Learning Session and Post Learning Session (approximately 90 minutes)

Population: One stroke group participant was excluded because of poor data quality (excessive movement inside the MRI). One control group participant excluded due to incidental findings.

Isometric whole-hand grip force is captured continuously with grip-force transducers (at 1000Hz) and adjusted relative to the individual maximum voluntary contraction. Precision of force adjustment is based on the recorded muscle force monitored during task performance and defined as the actual force exerted by the participant relative to the target force (measurement unit: precision in %), with positive values indicating over- and negative values indicating undershoot. Learning rate from before to after learning will be defined as the difference in precision between before as compared to after one single learning session. Precision error was calculated as the percentage deviation of the actual grip force from the target force, averaged across trials before and after the learning task. A reduction in force error indexes a behavioral advantage of force adjustment over time and is thus interpreted as learning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
stroke group
n=24 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
control group
n=14 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
Learning Rate as Indexed by Change in the Precision of Visuomotor Grip Force Adjustment (i.e., Reduction of Precision Error in Force Adjustment)
-1.48 Percentage deviation from target force
Interval -72.6 to 45.9
0.303 Percentage deviation from target force
Interval -16.9 to 12.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre Learning Session and Post Learning Session (approximately 90 minutes)

Population: One stroke group participant was excluded because of poor data quality (excessive movement inside the MRI). One control group participant excluded due to incidental findings.

Learning-related BOLD-signal-derived brain activation relative to motor performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
stroke group
n=24 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
control group
n=14 Participants
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
Change in Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) Signal Derived Multi-voxel Brain Activation
2.6 percentage of BOLD signal change
Interval 1.1 to 4.2
3.25 percentage of BOLD signal change
Interval 1.8 to 4.75

Adverse Events

stroke group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

control group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
stroke group
n=25 participants at risk
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
control group
n=15 participants at risk
Visuomotor learning task: Participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of the visuomotor learning task. The visuomotor learning task involves holding a device in the hand that measures the strength of the grip when squeezing the 'gripper'.
Nervous system disorders
Incidental finding during MRI
0.00%
0/25 • Adverse event data was collected for the duration of the experimental procedures (approximately 4 individual visits within 2 consecutive weeks).
Adverse events were defined as unexpected events during experimental procedures, specifically including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), related or unrelated to experimental procedures.
6.7%
1/15 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for the duration of the experimental procedures (approximately 4 individual visits within 2 consecutive weeks).
Adverse events were defined as unexpected events during experimental procedures, specifically including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), related or unrelated to experimental procedures.

Additional Information

Principal Investigator

Medical University of South Carolina

Phone: (843) 792-3435

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place