Neuroplasticity in Maternal Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)

Summary

Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a major public health problem particularly for mothers in the perinatal period, for whom stress, relapse rates, and risk for overdose are elevated. The perinatal period is characterized by significant neural reorganization that determines outcomes for mothers and infants. OUD is also associated with neural reorganization, specifically neural circuitry implicated in stress regulation and reward processes. Interventions should therefore take advantage of this changing perinatal biology to enhance treatment response by targeting the aberrant neural circuitry compromised by maternal OUD. The investigators have developed and refined an evidence-based intervention for mothers with OUD designed to target these neural mechanisms and enhance the reward of caregiving; however, this has yet to be formally tested. Therefore, the investigators will examine maternal neuroplasticity using high-dense array electroencephalography (EEG) in mothers with OUD in response to our intervention. There will be 1 laboratory visit at pre-treatment, followed by 12 sessions of the evidence-based parenting intervention, and 1 laboratory visit at post-treatment. This study will attempt to validate the importance of taking advantage of the neuroplasticity in the perinatal period to optimize outcomes for mothers with OUD.

Conditions

• Opioid Use Disorder

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

ERPs with electroencephalography (EEG)

E-Prime 2.0 software will present visual and auditory stimuli in an experimental paradigm lasting approximately 30 minutes (ERPs). Visual stimuli will include photographs of color photographs of unfamiliar infants (aged 5- 10 months) balanced for ethnicity (Black/White) and gender (male/female) displaying happy neutral, and sad affective expressions. Auditory stimuli will include 2-second audio clips of high-distress and low-distress infant cries. Experimental procedure: Trials will consist of a central fixation cross (jittered 400-600ms), stimulus presentation (500ms faces, 2000ms cries), and blank screen (1000ms). Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) will be recorded using Net Station 4.2.1. A 128 Ag/Silver Chloride (AgCl) electrode net will be soaked in a warm potassium chloride solution, and net electrodes will be spaced evenly and symmetrically on each participant's head to cover the scalp.

BEHAVIORAL

MIO

A 12-week, manualized, individual parenting psychotherapy developed specifically for mothers with addictions administered by the Principal Investigator. It is designed to foster a mother's capacity for mentalization or reflective functioning (RF). MIO is offered in conjunction with standard addiction treatment.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Alkermes, Inc.

  collaborator INDUSTRY

• Yale University

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Amanda Lowell, Ph.D. · Yale University

• Helena Rutherford, PhD · Yale University

Study Design

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

SEQUENTIAL

Eligibility

Min Age

21 Years

Max Age

45 Years

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy Volunteers

No

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2023-01-01

Primary Completion

2026-06-30

Completion

2026-06-30

Countries

• United States

Study Locations