Trial Outcomes & Findings for Acute Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of "Tobacco-Free" Oral Nicotine Pouches in Smokers (NCT NCT05335915)

NCT ID: NCT05335915

Last Updated: 2026-07-23

Results Overview

Blood plasma samples will be collected and sent to a designated laboratory for quantitative analysis of nicotine. Maximum concentration (Cmax), is the highest plasma nicotine concentration reached during a session and provides important insight into the abuse liability of a tobacco product. Bout 1 (20min directed use) Cmax was calculated based on post-baseline blood timepoints which include 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after bout 1 dosing.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE1

Target enrollment

71 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

0 to 1 hour

Results posted on

2026-07-23

Participant Flow

participants were recruited from the Baltimore community

71 people were enrolled (consented), 43 were ineligible, and 28 were randomized and completed all study conditions.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Acute Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of "Tobacco-Free" Oral Nicotine Pouches in Smokers
All participants used nicotine pouches in a within-subject design, in a randomized order. There were 7 conditions, one condition being ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarette.
Overall Study
STARTED
28
Overall Study
4 mg Original
28
Overall Study
8 mg Original
28
Overall Study
4 mg Mint
28
Overall Study
8 mg Mint
28
Overall Study
4 mg Citrus
28
Overall Study
8 mg Citrus
28
Overall Study
Own-brand Cigarette
28
Overall Study
COMPLETED
28
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Acute Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of "Tobacco-Free" Oral Nicotine Pouches in Smokers

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Acute Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of "Tobacco-Free" Oral Nicotine Pouches in Smokers
n=28 Participants
Participants used nicotine pouches in a within-subject design with 7 conditions, with one condition being ad-libitum use of preferred brand cigarette.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
28 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Age, Continuous
43.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.2 • n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
11 Participants
n=9 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
17 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
1 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
20 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
5 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
28 Participants
n=9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0 to 1 hour

Population: Study completers are reported. 28 participants completed the study.

Blood plasma samples will be collected and sent to a designated laboratory for quantitative analysis of nicotine. Maximum concentration (Cmax), is the highest plasma nicotine concentration reached during a session and provides important insight into the abuse liability of a tobacco product. Bout 1 (20min directed use) Cmax was calculated based on post-baseline blood timepoints which include 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine as Assessed by the Cmax (20-min Directed Bout)
6.5 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 3.5
12.8 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 6.9
7.2 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 4.2
11.0 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 7.3
6.4 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 3.8
10.8 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 7.9
14.0 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 8.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0 to 1 hour

Population: Results are from all 28 completers.

Blood plasma samples will be collected and sent to a designated laboratory for quantitative analysis of nicotine. Area under the curve (AUC), represents the total nicotine exposure during an entire nicotine use period and provides important insight into the abuse liability of a tobacco product. Data is reported as the mean (SD) change from baseline. Bout 1 (20min directed use) AUC was calculated based on post-baseline blood timepoints which include 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine as Assessed by the AUC (20 Min Directed Bout)
544.1 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 210.1
930.0 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 427.2
601.7 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 249.1
910.5 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 487.4
638.8 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 453.8
935.1 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 511.9
882.5 ng * min/ml
Standard Deviation 454.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

Population: Results include all 28 completers.

The DEQ will be used to obtain subjective ratings of "like drug effect". Score range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation with higher score indicating greater liking. Data is reported as mean (SD) change from baseline. A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Peak Change From Baseline Subjective Ratings of "Like Drug Effect" as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire
34.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.5
36.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.0
23.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.3
32.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.9
31.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.7
31.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.3
36.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The DEQ will be used to obtain subjective ratings of "pleasant drug effect". Score range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation with higher score indicating greater "pleasant drug effect". A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Subjective Ratings of "Pleasant Drug Effect" as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire
32.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.7
38.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.7
24.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.9
32.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.9
31.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.7
31.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.3
36.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The DEQ will be used to obtain subjective ratings of "take again". Score range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation, with higher score indicating greater "take again" rating. A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Subjective Ratings of "Take Again" as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire
24.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.4
23.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.3
19.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.4
23.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.0
28.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.5
19.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.8
39.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The HHWS will be used to obtain subjective ratings of "urge to smoke". Score range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation with higher score indicating greater "urge to smoke". A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Subjective Ratings of "Urge to Smoke" as Assessed by the Hughes-Hatsukami Withdrawal Questionnaire (Change From Baseline)
-25.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.2
-33.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.2
-26.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.0
-23.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.3
-21.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.5
-29.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.5
-23.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The HHWS will be used to obtain subjective ratings of "craving to smoke". Score range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation, with higher score indicating greater "craving to smoke". A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Subjective Ratings of "Craving to Smoke" as Assessed by the Hughes-Hatsukami Withdrawal Questionnaire (Change From Baseline)
-26.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.3
-30.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.8
-21.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.5
-27.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.3
-29.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.5
-28.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.0
-25.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to1 hour

Blood plasma samples will be collected and sent to a designated laboratory for quantitative analysis of nicotine. Time to maximum concentration (Tmax), is the time (in minutes) to reach Cmax. This is another measure relevant for abuse liability. Tmax for bout 1 was calculated based on post-baseline blood timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine as Assessed by the Tmax
26.4 minutes
Standard Deviation 4.9
23.9 minutes
Standard Deviation 5.0
22.1 minutes
Standard Deviation 6.3
24.6 minutes
Standard Deviation 5.8
23.6 minutes
Standard Deviation 6.2
22.9 minutes
Standard Deviation 7.1
15.0 minutes
Standard Deviation 7.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The QSU-brief factor 1 (intention to smoke) measures tobacco withdrawal symptoms using 5 items; scores are summed to produce a single score ranging from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicates greater withdrawal symptoms. A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms as Assessed by the Tiffany-Drobes QSU Brief-Factor 1 (Change From Baseline)
-6.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1
-8.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.4
-6.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.7
-6.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.9
-5.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
-6.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.7
-7.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6.5 hours

The QSU-brief factor 2 (anticipation of relief) measures tobacco withdrawal symptoms using 5 items; scores are summed to produce a single score ranging from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicates greater/worse withdrawal symptoms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms as Assessed by the Tiffany-Drobes QSU Brief-Factor 2 (Change From Baseline)
-2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.2
-3.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.8
-2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.0
-2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.0
-2.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
-3.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.6
-3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 hours

During the 2 hour ad libitum bout, topography will be collected. The total time of use (out of 2 hours) will be assessed.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Topography as Assessed by the Total Time of Use
49.8 minutes
Standard Deviation 34.4
30.5 minutes
Standard Deviation 17.8
44.9 minutes
Standard Deviation 28.7
39.8 minutes
Standard Deviation 27.6
45.1 minutes
Standard Deviation 28.2
39.1 minutes
Standard Deviation 29.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6.5 hours

The DENS will assess nicotine-specific effects. Scores on all items range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation. Higher scores indicates stronger (better) nicotine related effects.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Help Calm Down
30.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 42.1
35.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.5
18.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.2
27.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.9
23.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.5
24.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.0
25.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.3
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Feel More Awake
26.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.2
18.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.0
23.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.5
23.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.4
18.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.8
29.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.1
16.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.8
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Help My Concentration
25.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.8
27.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.4
13.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.1
18.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.3
16.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.7
19.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.6
11.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.4
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Make Me Dizzy
7.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.9
6.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.0
6.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.7
11.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.3
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.4
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.3
5.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.5
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Product Was Pleasant
55.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.3
44.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.8
50.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.2
49.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.2
48.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.5
48.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.
40.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.6
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Reduce My Hunger
17.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.9
11.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.8
12.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.9
8.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.8
14.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.8
17.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.9
8.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.8
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Want Another One of Product
33.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 47.8
25.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.6
33.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 44.4
20.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.4
28.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 42.0
32.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 47.1
32.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.6
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Product was Satisfying
58.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 42.5
45.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 42.9
47.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 42.9
52.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.0
50.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.2
53.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.9
46.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.0
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Make Me Feel Sick
5.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.1
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.3
5.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.7
11.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.6
4.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.4
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.0
1.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.9
The Direct Effects of Nicotine Scale (DENS) (Change From Baseline)
Product Tastes Good
54.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.2
40.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 46.6
47.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.3
43.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.6
46.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.6
47.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 46.2
35.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The DEQ will assess subjective ratings for "feel drug effect". Scores range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation with higher score indicating greater "feel drug effect". Higher scores indicates stronger (better) effects. A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Perceived Strength of Effects as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire
33.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.1
44.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.9
23.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.2
39.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.2
37.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.8
45.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.5
37.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 40.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Up to 6.5 hours

The DEQ will assess subjective ratings for "dislike drug effect". Scores range from 0 (none) to 100 (extreme) using a 100mm line anchored with none/extreme designation with higher score indicating a stronger (worse) perception of aversive or unpleasant drug effects. A peak change from baseline score was calculated based on post-baseline timepoints which include 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 6.5 hours after bout 1 dosing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 Participants
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 Participants
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Negative and Aversive Effects as Assessed by the Drug Effect Questionnaire
3.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.9
10.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.3
8.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.0
6.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.3
1.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.6
14.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.9
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.0

Adverse Events

Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Own Brand Cigarettes

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Original/Tobacco Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a tobacco flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Mint/Menthol Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a mint/menthol flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (Low Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (4mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Fruit Flavored Pouch (High Nicotine Dose)
n=28 participants at risk
participants will use a fruit flavored pouch (8mg nicotine dose)under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Nicotine: Nicotine pouches will be self-administered
Own Brand Cigarettes
n=28 participants at risk
participants will smoke participants' own brand of cigarettes under both controlled (experimenter-directed) and ad libitum use conditions Cigarette: Cigarette will be smoked
Vascular disorders
Elevated Heart Rate/Blood Pressure
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
7.1%
2/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.
0.00%
0/28 • Up to 6.5 hours post dose
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are followed for Adverse Event (AE) reporting, as AEs occur they are documented.

Additional Information

Dr. Tory Spindle

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Phone: 4105500529

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place