Trial Outcomes & Findings for Study of Guselkumab in Skin of Color Participants With Moderate-to-severe Plaque and/or Scalp Psoriasis (NCT NCT05272150)

Study of Guselkumab in Skin of Color Participants With Moderate-to-severe Plaque and/or Scalp Psoriasis

The IGA assesses participant's plaque psoriasis. Lesions were graded for induration, erythema and scaling, each using a 5 point scale. Induration: 0 = no evidence of plaque elevation; 1 = minimal plaque elevation, = 0.25 millimeters (mm); 2 = mild plaque elevation, = 0.5 mm; 3 = moderate plaque elevation, = 0.75 mm; 4 = severe plaque elevation, greater than (\>) 1 mm; Erythema: 0 = no evidence of erythema, hyperpigmentation may be present, 1 = faint erythema, 2 = light red coloration, 3 = moderate red coloration, 4 = bright red coloration; Scaling: 0 = no evidence of scaling, 1 = minimal; occasional fine scale over less than 5% of the lesion, 2 = mild; fine scale dominates, 3 = moderate; coarse scale predominates, 4 = severe; thick, scale predominates. Final IGA score of psoriasis was based upon the average of induration, erythema and scaling scores assessed on a 5 point scale: cleared (0), minimal (1), mild (2), moderate (3), or severe (4). Higher score indicated more severe disease.

Percentage of participants who achieved PASI 90 response (greater than or equal to \[\>=\] 90 percent \[%\] improvement from baseline in PASI) at Week 16 was reported. PASI was a system used for assessing and grading the severity of psoriatic lesions and their response to therapy. In the PASI system, the body was divided into 4 regions: the head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities. Each of these areas were assessed and scored separately for erythema, induration, and scaling, which were each rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=severe and 4=very severe) and extent of involvement from 0 (indicated no involvement) to 6 (90% - 100% involvement). The PASI produced a numeric total score that could range from 0 (no psoriasis) to 72 (maximum psoriasis). Higher score indicated greater severity of psoriasis. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

The ss-IGA instrument was used to evaluate the disease severity of scalp psoriasis. The lesions were assessed in terms of the clinical signs of redness, thickness, and scaliness which was scored as: absence of disease = 0, very mild disease = 1, mild disease = 2, moderate disease = 3, and severe disease = 4. A higher score indicated more severe disease.

PSSI 90 response is defined as a percentage of participants who achieved at least 90% improvement from baseline in the PSSI score. PSSI is a physician assessment of severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation and extent of psoriasis involvement. Severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation each scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) and the extent of psoriasis involvement scored on a scale from 1 (\<10% of scalp involved) to 6 (90 to 100% of scalp involved). The composite score is derived from the sum of scores for erythema, induration, and desquamation multiplied by the score recorded for the extent of the psoriasis involvement. The PSSI score ranged from 0 (less severity) to 72 (more severity). Higher scores indicated more severe symptoms. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

The IGA assesses participant's plaque psoriasis. Lesions were graded for induration, erythema and scaling, each using a 5 point scale. Induration: 0 = no evidence of plaque elevation; 1 = minimal plaque elevation, = 0.25 millimeters (mm); 2 = mild plaque elevation, = 0.5 mm; 3 = moderate plaque elevation, = 0.75 mm; 4 = severe plaque elevation, greater than (\>) 1 mm; Erythema: 0 = no evidence of erythema, hyperpigmentation may be present, 1 = faint erythema, 2 = light red coloration, 3 = moderate red coloration, 4 = bright red coloration; Scaling: 0 = no evidence of scaling, 1 = minimal; occasional fine scale over less than 5% of the lesion, 2 = mild; fine scale dominates, 3 = moderate; coarse scale predominates, 4 = severe; thick, scale predominates. Final IGA score of psoriasis was based upon the average of induration, erythema and scaling scores assessed on a 5 point scale: cleared (0), minimal (1), mild (2), moderate (3), or severe (4). Higher score indicated more severe disease.

Percentage of participants who achieved PASI-100 response (100% improvement from baseline in PASI) at Week 16 was reported. The PASI was a system used for assessing and grading the severity of psoriatic lesions and their response to therapy. In the PASI system, the body was divided into 4 regions: the head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities. Each of these areas was assessed and scored separately for erythema, induration, and scaling, which were each rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=none, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe and 4 = very severe) and extent of involvement from 0 (indicated no involvement) to 6 (90% - 100% involvement). The PASI produced a numeric total score that could range from 0 (no psoriasis) to 72 (maximum psoriasis). Higher score indicated greater severity of psoriasis. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Percent change from baseline in PASI total score at Week 16 was reported. The PASI was a system used for assessing and grading the severity of psoriatic lesions and their response to therapy. In the PASI system, the body was divided into 4 regions: the head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities. Each of these areas were assessed and scored separately for erythema, induration, and scaling, which were each rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=none, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe and 4 = very severe) and extent of involvement from 0 (indicated no involvement) to 6 (90% - 100% involvement). The PASI produced a numeric total score that could range from 0 (no psoriasis) to 72 (maximum psoriasis). Higher score indicated greater severity of psoriasis. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

A BSA was commonly used measure of severity of skin disease. It was defined as the percentage of surface area of the body involved with the condition being assessed, (that is, plaque psoriasis). BSA was assessed using hand print method where the surface area of the participant's hand including the palm and all 5 digits was used as a guide to estimate 1% BSA. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Time to \>=90% reduction was defined as the time at which \>=90% improvement in PASI from baseline was achieved. PASI was a system used for assessing and grading the severity of psoriatic lesions and their response to therapy. In the PASI system, the body was divided into 4 regions: the head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities. Each of these areas were assessed and scored separately for erythema, induration, and scaling, which were each rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=severe and 4=very severe) and extent of involvement from 0 (indicated no involvement) to 6 (90% - 100% involvement). The PASI produced a numeric total score that could range from 0 (no psoriasis) to 72 (maximum psoriasis). Higher score indicated greater severity of psoriasis. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Change from baseline in total DLQI score at Week 16 was reported. The DLQI was a dermatology specific health related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument designed to assess the impact of the disease on a participant's HRQoL. It was a 10-item questionnaire that assesses HRQoL over the past week and in addition to evaluating overall HRQoL, could be used to assess 6 different aspects that may affect quality of life: symptoms and feelings, daily activities, leisure, work or school performance, personal relationships, and treatment. Each question was scored on a 4-point scale of 0 to 3 (0 = not at all, 1 = a little; 2 = a lot; or 3 = very much), where higher score indicated more impact on QoL. The total score was sum of scores from all 10 questions and it ranged from 0 (not at all) to 30 (very much), with a higher score indicating greater impact on HRQoL. Baseline = closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

PSSD was a patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire designed to measure severity of psoriasis symptoms and signs for assessment of treatment benefit. 7 day recall version was used. PSSD was a self-administered PRO instrument that included 11 items covering symptoms (itch, pain, stinging, burning and skin tightness) and participant observable signs (skin dryness, cracking, scaling, shedding or flaking, redness and bleeding) using 0 to 10 numerical rating scales for severity. PSSD itch item score over seven days was averaged into a weekly itch score, ranging from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating severe disease. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Change from baseline in PSSD symptoms scores at Week 16 was reported. PSSD was a PRO questionnaire designed to measure severity of psoriasis symptoms and signs for assessment of treatment benefit. 7-day recall version was used. PSSD was self-administered PRO instrument that included 11 items covering symptoms (itch, pain, stinging, burning and skin tightness) and participant observable signs (skin dryness, cracking, scaling, shedding or flaking, redness and bleeding) using 0 to 10 numerical rating scales for severity. Items were averaged on the weekly symptom score when at least 3 items (\>=50 percentage of 5 items) on these scales are answered. The average value was converted into 0-100 scoring, such that symptom score = average value\*10, where, 0= least severe and 100= most severe. Higher score indicated more severe disease. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

PSSD was a PRO questionnaire designed to measure severity of psoriasis symptoms and signs for assessment of treatment benefit. 7-day recall version was used. PSSD was self-administered PRO instrument that included 11 items covering symptoms (itch, pain, stinging, burning and skin tightness) and participant observable signs (skin dryness, cracking, scaling, shedding or flaking, redness and bleeding) using 0 to 10 numerical rating scales for severity. Items were averaged on the weekly symptom score when at least 3 items (\>=50 percentage of 5 items) on these scales are answered. The average value was converted into 0-100 scoring, such that symptom score = average value\*10, where, 0= least severe and 100= most severe. Higher score indicated more severe disease. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

PSSI is a physician assessment of severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation and extent of psoriasis involvement. Severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation each scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) and the extent of psoriasis involvement scored on a scale from 1 (\<10% of scalp involved) to 6 (90 to 100% of scalp involved). The composite score is derived from the sum of scores for erythema, induration, and desquamation multiplied by the score recorded for the extent of the psoriasis involvement. The PSSI score ranged from 0 (less severity) to 72 (more severity). Higher scores indicated more severe symptoms. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Scalp Surface Area (SSA) is defined as the extent of scalp skin affected by psoriasis, expressed as a percentage of the total scalp surface area. The adult SSA was 520-705 centimeter\^2 (cm\^2), which mean 1% SSA is 5.2 - 7.1 cm\^2. The thumbprint has an average surface area of 5.5 cm\^2 +/- 1.3 cm\^2. The thumb (in particular, the thumb projection) was used as a tool for accurate measurement of 1% SSA. The overall SSA affected by psoriasis was thus be estimated based on the participant's thumb. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

The ss-IGA instrument was used to evaluate the disease severity of scalp psoriasis. The lesions were assessed in terms of the clinical signs of redness, thickness, and scaliness which was scored as: absence of disease = 0, very mild disease = 1, mild disease = 2, moderate disease = 3, and severe disease = 4. A higher score indicated more severe disease.

PSSI 100 response is defined as a percentage of participants who achieved 100% improvement from baseline in the PSSI score. PSSI is a physician assessment of severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation and extent of psoriasis involvement. Severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation each scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) and the extent of psoriasis involvement scored on a scale from 1 (\<10% of scalp involved) to 6 (90 to 100% of scalp involved). The composite score is derived from the sum of scores for erythema, induration, and desquamation multiplied by the score recorded for the extent of the psoriasis involvement. The PSSI score ranged from 0 (less severity) to 72 (more severity). Higher scores indicated more severe symptoms. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

Time to \>=90% reduction was defined as the time at which \>=90% improvement in PSSI from baseline was achieved. PSSI is a physician assessment of severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation and extent of psoriasis involvement. Severity of erythema, infiltration, and desquamation each scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) and the extent of psoriasis involvement scored on a scale from 1 (\<10% of scalp involved) to 6 (90 to 100% of scalp involved). The composite score is derived from the sum of scores for erythema, induration, and desquamation multiplied by the score recorded for the extent of the psoriasis involvement. The PSSI score ranged from 0 (less severity) to 72 (more severity). Higher scores indicated more severe symptoms. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

The scalp itch NRS was a single-item scale that asks participants to rate the severity of their scalp itching due to psoriasis by considering their worst level of itching over the past 24 hours. The 11-point scalp itch NRS ranged from 0 (no scalp itch) to 10 (worst scalp itch imaginable). Higher scores indicated more severe scalp itch. The baseline was defined as the closest measurement taken prior to or at the time of the first study drug administration date unless otherwise specified.

An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant administered a pharmaceutical (investigational or non-investigational) product. An AE does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the intervention. TEAE was defined as any AE that occurred after the start of initial study agent administration and those AEs that were presented at baseline but worsened in severity after the start of initial study agent administration.

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant administered a pharmaceutical (investigational or non-investigational) product. An AE does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the intervention. Serious adverse event (SAE) was any untoward medical occurrence at any dose that: resulted in death, was life threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or resulted in congenital anomaly/birth defect. TEAE was defined as any AE that occurred after the start of initial study agent administration and those AEs that were presented at baseline but worsened in severity after the start of initial study agent administration.