Trial Outcomes & Findings for Accelerated iTBS in Smoking Cessation (NCT NCT05271175)

Results Overview

Τhe number of cigarettes participants usually smoke before the treatment.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

104 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2022-09-26

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Treatment STARTED	34	33	37
Treatment COMPLETED	29	30	30
Treatment NOT COMPLETED	5	3	7
One Week Follow up STARTED	29	30	30
One Week Follow up COMPLETED	19	23	25
One Week Follow up NOT COMPLETED	10	7	5
One Month Follow up STARTED	29	30	30
One Month Follow up COMPLETED	17	23	21
One Month Follow up NOT COMPLETED	12	7	9
Six Months Follow up STARTED	29	30	30
Six Months Follow up COMPLETED	21	28	28
Six Months Follow up NOT COMPLETED	8	2	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
One Week Follow up Lost to Follow-up	10	7	5
One Month Follow up Lost to Follow-up	12	7	9
Six Months Follow up Lost to Follow-up	8	2	2

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.	Total n=89 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Types of cigarettes Hand-rolled	10 Participants n=29 Participants	5 Participants n=30 Participants	5 Participants n=30 Participants	20 Participants n=89 Participants
Types of cigarettes Cigarillos	1 Participants n=29 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	1 Participants n=89 Participants
Types of cigarettes Mixed	2 Participants n=29 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	3 Participants n=89 Participants
Years of smoking	23.18 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.82 • n=29 Participants	23.13 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.58 • n=30 Participants	28.73 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.21 • n=30 Participants	25.06 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.17 • n=89 Participants
If ever quitted No	9 Participants n=29 Participants	10 Participants n=30 Participants	11 Participants n=30 Participants	30 Participants n=89 Participants
Age, Continuous	46.52 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.05 • n=29 Participants	42.93 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.42 • n=30 Participants	47.43 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.72 • n=30 Participants	45.62 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.42 • n=89 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	7 Participants n=29 Participants	10 Participants n=30 Participants	12 Participants n=30 Participants	29 Participants n=89 Participants
If ever quitted Yes	20 Participants n=29 Participants	20 Participants n=30 Participants	19 Participants n=30 Participants	59 Participants n=89 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	22 Participants n=29 Participants	20 Participants n=30 Participants	18 Participants n=30 Participants	60 Participants n=89 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Education	14.07 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.95 • n=29 Participants	14.43 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.77 • n=30 Participants	13.60 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.27 • n=30 Participants	14.03 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.65 • n=89 Participants
Occupation Private employee	13 Participants n=29 Participants	19 Participants n=30 Participants	22 Participants n=30 Participants	54 Participants n=89 Participants
Occupation Public employee	7 Participants n=29 Participants	4 Participants n=30 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	12 Participants n=89 Participants
Occupation Self-employed / freelancer	5 Participants n=29 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	4 Participants n=30 Participants	10 Participants n=89 Participants
Occupation Unemployed	2 Participants n=29 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	3 Participants n=89 Participants
Occupation Retired	2 Participants n=29 Participants	4 Participants n=30 Participants	3 Participants n=30 Participants	9 Participants n=89 Participants
Occupation Student	0 Participants n=29 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	1 Participants n=89 Participants
Cigarettes per day	27.55 cigarettes/day STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.37 • n=29 Participants	26.83 cigarettes/day STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.86 • n=30 Participants	30.00 cigarettes/day STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.38 • n=30 Participants	28.13 cigarettes/day STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.80 • n=89 Participants
Types of cigarettes Normal	16 Participants n=29 Participants	25 Participants n=30 Participants	24 Participants n=30 Participants	65 Participants n=89 Participants
How many times quitted	0.90 quit attempts STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.77 • n=29 Participants	1.00 quit attempts STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.11 • n=30 Participants	1.20 quit attempts STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.56 • n=30 Participants	1.03 quit attempts STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.19 • n=89 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Τhe number of cigarettes participants usually smoke before the treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Self-reported Nicotine Consumption	27.55 cigarettes/day Standard Error 15.37	26.83 cigarettes/day Standard Error 12.86	30.00 cigarettes/day Standard Error 13.38

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 1st treatment day

Population: Two participants from the "Active TMS \& Neutral videos" group and three participants from the "Active TMS \& Smoking videos" group were outliers and were therefore excluded from the analyses.

Participants were required to record the number of cigarettes smoked after the completion of the 1st day of treatment until before the first session on the second day of treatment. Participants were asked not to smoke during the breaks of the 4 daily rTMS sessions

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=27 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=27 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Self-reported Nicotine Consumption	8.72 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 8.97	8.67 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 8.56	10.60 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 7.49

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 2nd treatment day

Participants were required to record the number of cigarettes smoked after the completion of the 2nd day of treatment until before the first session on the 3rd day of treatment. Participants were asked not to smoke during the breaks of the 4 daily rTMS sessions

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=27 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Self-reported Nicotine Consumption	7.94 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 8.13	7.07 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 6.43	9.38 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 7.90

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 3rd treatment day

Participants were required to record the number of cigarettes smoked after the completion of the 3rd day of treatment until before the first session on the 4th day of treatment. Participants were asked not to smoke during the breaks of the 4 daily rTMS sessions

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=26 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=26 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Self-reported Nicotine Consumption	5.92 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 6.68	7.79 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 8.61	8.20 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 7.80

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 4th treatment day

Participants were required to record the number of cigarettes smoked after the completion of the 4th day of treatment until before the first session on the 5th day of treatment . Participants were asked not to smoke during the breaks of the 4 daily rTMS sessions

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=26 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=27 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Self-reported Nicotine Consumption	5.27 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 7.51	4.67 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 6.50	6.27 cigarettes/day Standard Deviation 7.84

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

CO level was measured using the piCO Smokerlyzer breath carbon monoxide meter device prior to the first rTMS session.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=28 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	23.64 ppm Standard Deviation 14.68	17.24 ppm Standard Deviation 10.17	21.13 ppm Standard Deviation 9.63

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

The average of the four CO-levels, measured before each of the four sessions on Day 1.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	19.09 ppm Standard Error 12.14	14.83 ppm Standard Error 8.47	17.77 ppm Standard Error 7.88

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 2

The average of the four CO-levels, measured before each of the four sessions on Day 2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	11.09 ppm Standard Deviation 9.69	9.94 ppm Standard Deviation 8.17	11.03 ppm Standard Deviation 7.50

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

The average of the four CO-levels, measured before each of the four sessions on Day 3.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	9.98 ppm Standard Deviation 10.15	9.61 ppm Standard Deviation 6.63	8.85 ppm Standard Deviation 6.58

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 4

The average of the four CO-levels, measured before each of the four sessions on Day 4.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	8.35 ppm Standard Deviation 8.44	8.58 ppm Standard Deviation 6.65	8.89 ppm Standard Deviation 6.96

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 5

The average of the four CO-levels, measured before each of the four sessions on Day 5.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)- Evaluated Nicotine Consumption	8.98 ppm Standard Deviation 9.68	8.03 ppm Standard Deviation 7.27	8.18 ppm Standard Deviation 7.02

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a short, self-report measure that assesses nicotine dependence. It contains six questions, and the total score is calculated as a sum of these six questions. The scores vary from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating lower dependence on nicotine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Nicotine Dependence	5.86 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.26	6.03 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.37	6.77 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.27

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: End of the treatment (On the fifth day, after completing 20 TMS sessions)

Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a short, self-report measure that assesses nicotine dependence. It contains six questions, and the total score is calculated as a sum of these six questions. The scores vary from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating lower dependence on nicotine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Nicotine Dependence	2.31 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.62	2.03 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.08	2.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.69

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 week follow up

Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a short, self-report measure that assesses nicotine dependence. It contains six questions, and the total score is calculated as a sum of these six questions. The scores vary from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating lower dependence on nicotine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=19 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=25 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Nicotine Dependence	1.79 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.55	2.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.49	2.64 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.41

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month follow up

Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a short, self-report measure that assesses nicotine dependence. It contains six questions, and the total score is calculated as a sum of these six questions. The scores vary from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating lower dependence on nicotine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=17 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=21 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Nicotine Dependence	3.35 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.97	2.78 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.80	3.38 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.84

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months follow up

Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a short, self-report measure that assesses nicotine dependence. It contains six questions, and the total score is calculated as a sum of these six questions. The scores vary from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating lower dependence on nicotine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=21 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=28 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=28 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Nicotine Dependence	3.71 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.43	3.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.74	3.96 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.57

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	24.21 score on a scale Standard Deviation 30.64	30.87 score on a scale Standard Deviation 28.63	25.70 score on a scale Standard Deviation 30.42

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet. The average of the eight VAS scores, measured prior and post each of the four sessions on Day 1.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	24.55 score on a scale Standard Deviation 20.66	33.13 score on a scale Standard Deviation 22.12	29.03 score on a scale Standard Deviation 28.59

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 2

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet. The average of the eight VAS scores, measured prior and post each of the four sessions on Day 2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	15.62 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.69	23.54 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.88	21.87 score on a scale Standard Deviation 24.12

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet. The average of the eight VAS scores, measured prior and post each of the four sessions on Day 3.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	12.45 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.33	22.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.87	17.48 score on a scale Standard Deviation 21.78

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 4

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet. The average of the eight VAS scores, measured prior and post each of the four sessions on Day 4.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	9.16 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.12	20.14 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.41	14.44 score on a scale Standard Deviation 19.18

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 5

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a psychometric measurement instrument that measures symptom severity on a continuous scale. The VAS can be quickly and repeatedly administered between tasks and it has been used extensively in smoking research with TMS. We used the VAS to assess smoking craving by asking participants to respond to the question "How much do you want to smoke right now?", on a scale from 0 "no craving" to 100 "most craving ever experienced" by choosing a response on a visual scale given in front of them on a tablet. The average of the eight VAS scores, measured prior and post each of the four sessions on Day 5.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Momentary Craving	10.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.74	16.08 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.14	10.46 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.13

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) is a self-report measure that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions. Each factor scale contains three items. TCQ-SF items were rated on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Total scores vary from 12 to 84, by summing the 12 items and the scores for each factor scale vary from 3 to 21 by summing the three items in each factor scale. A high score indicates high tobacco craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
General Craving	45.38 Total score Standard Deviation 17.95	52.03 Total score Standard Deviation 16.20	43.83 Total score Standard Deviation 17.25

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: End of the treatment (On the fifth day, after completing 20 TMS sessions)

Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) is a self-report measure that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions. Each factor scale contains three items. TCQ-SF items were rated on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Total scores vary from 12 to 84, by summing the 12 items and the scores for each factor scale vary from 3 to 21 by summing the three items in each factor scale. A high score indicates high tobacco craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
General Craving	30.93 Total score Standard Deviation 17.05	31.97 Total score Standard Deviation 14.61	28.63 Total score Standard Deviation 13.10

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 week follow up

Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) is a self-report measure that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions. Each factor scale contains three items. TCQ-SF items were rated on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Total scores vary from 12 to 84, by summing the 12 items and the scores for each factor scale vary from 3 to 21 by summing the three items in each factor scale. A high score indicates high tobacco craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=19 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=25 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
General Craving	29.84 Total score Standard Deviation 14.18	32.17 Total score Standard Deviation 21.57	27.28 Total score Standard Deviation 14.82

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month follow up

Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) is a self-report measure that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions. Each factor scale contains three items. TCQ-SF items were rated on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Total scores vary from 12 to 84, by summing the 12 items and the scores for each factor scale vary from 3 to 21 by summing the three items in each factor scale. A high score indicates high tobacco craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=17 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=21 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
General Craving	37.06 Total score Standard Deviation 17.94	30.61 Total score Standard Deviation 19.63	35.24 Total score Standard Deviation 20.63

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months follow up

Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) is a self-report measure that assesses tobacco craving in four dimensions. Each factor scale contains three items. TCQ-SF items were rated on a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Total scores vary from 12 to 84, by summing the 12 items and the scores for each factor scale vary from 3 to 21 by summing the three items in each factor scale. A high score indicates high tobacco craving.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=21 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=28 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=28 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
General Craving	51.52 Total score Standard Deviation 19.50	38.32 Total score Standard Deviation 18.22	44.68 Total score Standard Deviation 22.34

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is a self-report measure that is used to assess psychological stress. PSS-4 items were rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with those on the positive subscale scored in reverse and the total score was calculated as a sum of these items. The scores vary from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Perceived Stress	5.97 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.18	6.53 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.40	5.60 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.98

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of the treatment (On the fifth day, after completing 20 TMS sessions)

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is a self-report measure that is used to assess psychological stress. PSS-4 items were rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with those on the positive subscale scored in reverse and the total score was calculated as a sum of these items. The scores vary from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=29 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=30 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Perceived Stress	5.21 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.47	5.90 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.34	4.60 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.96

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 week follow up

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is a self-report measure that is used to assess psychological stress. PSS-4 items were rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with those on the positive subscale scored in reverse and the total score was calculated as a sum of these items. The scores vary from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=19 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=25 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Perceived Stress	4.42 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.59	6.00 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.66	4.76 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.35

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month follow up

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is a self-report measure that is used to assess psychological stress. PSS-4 items were rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with those on the positive subscale scored in reverse and the total score was calculated as a sum of these items. The scores vary from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Active TMS & Neutral Videos n=17 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Active TMS & Smoking Videos n=23 Participants Received active iTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Active intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil.	Sham TMS & Smoking Videos n=21 Participants Received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos Sham intermittent theta burst stimulation: An accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) treatment (4 sessions with 30 minutes break between them) was administered daily for a 5-day period over the left DLPFC using the MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil. The MagVenture Cool-B65 Active/Placebo (A/P) coil is designed to support true "double blinded" clinical trials as it can produce active and placebo stimulation by flipping the coil and can mimic tapping sensation during placebo condition During the sham condition, the coil produced the same sound as the real active condition but did not deliver any stimulation on the side of the participant's skull.
Perceived Stress	4.06 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.66	5.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.13	3.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.48

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months follow up

Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is a self-report measure that is used to assess psychological stress. PSS-4 items were rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 4, with those on the positive subscale scored in reverse and the total score was calculated as a sum of these items. The scores vary from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher perceived stress.