Trial Outcomes & Findings for Follow-up Gun Study: Can Safety Videos Mitigate Interest in Guns in Children? (NCT NCT05257837)
NCT ID: NCT05257837
Last Updated: 2024-11-20
Results Overview
Trained research assistants, blind to video game condition and experimental hypotheses, will independently code the play session videos. Coders will identify whether the participants found the handguns, how long the participants held the handgun, and whether or not they pulled the trigger.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
245 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
20 minutes play session
Results posted on
2024-11-20
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited via Facebook ads, ResearchMatch, and referrals by parents/guardians.
Of the 245 children assessed for eligibility, 19 were excluded: 13 did not arrive at the lab; 2 filled out forms incorrectly; 2 had a defective recording; 2 did not respond to follow-up. An additional 10 participants were excluded from final analyses due to not finding the guns in the laboratory. 216 participants were included in the final analyses.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
58
|
60
|
58
|
50
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
54
|
58
|
54
|
50
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
4
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Excluded (did not find the guns)
|
4
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
Baseline Characteristics
Follow-up Gun Study: Can Safety Videos Mitigate Interest in Guns in Children?
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Total
n=216 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
10.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=99 Participants
|
10.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=107 Participants
|
10.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=206 Participants
|
9.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=7 Participants
|
9.98 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.38 • n=31 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
20 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
103 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
30 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
113 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
48 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
53 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
210 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
49 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
37 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
126 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
7 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
50 participants
n=99 Participants
|
54 participants
n=107 Participants
|
58 participants
n=206 Participants
|
54 participants
n=7 Participants
|
216 participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Trait Aggressiveness
|
.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .5 • n=99 Participants
|
.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .3 • n=107 Participants
|
.49 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .4 • n=206 Participants
|
.45 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .4 • n=7 Participants
|
.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .4 • n=31 Participants
|
|
Gun ownership
Firearm present in the home
|
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
70 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Gun ownership
No firearm present in the home
|
45 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
42 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
145 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Gun ownership
No response
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=31 Participants
|
|
Estimated interest in guns
|
1.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=99 Participants
|
1.52 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=107 Participants
|
1.69 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=206 Participants
|
1.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=7 Participants
|
1.68 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=31 Participants
|
|
Age-appropriate movies
|
0.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=99 Participants
|
1.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=107 Participants
|
1.01 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=206 Participants
|
0.59 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=7 Participants
|
0.90 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.93 • n=31 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minutes play sessionTrained research assistants, blind to video game condition and experimental hypotheses, will independently code the play session videos. Coders will identify whether the participants found the handguns, how long the participants held the handgun, and whether or not they pulled the trigger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=60 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral: Gun Location
Found guns
|
50 Participants
|
54 Participants
|
58 Participants
|
54 Participants
|
|
Behavioral: Gun Location
Didn't find guns (excluded from final analyses)
|
0 Participants
|
4 Participants
|
2 Participants
|
4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minutes play sessionIf the participants found the handguns, the coders will identify whether the participants told an adult.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral: Gun Location Response - Told Adult
|
6 Participants
|
5 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
20 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minute play sessionIf the participants found the handguns, the coders will identify whether the participants touched the handgun.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral: Gun Location Response - Touched Gun
|
37 Participants
|
33 Participants
|
26 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minutes play sessionIf participants handle the gun, coders will record how long the gun was held.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral: Gun Holding Time
|
101.42 seconds
Standard Deviation 219.91
|
100.40 seconds
Standard Deviation 174.47
|
53.43 seconds
Standard Deviation 143.13
|
31.55 seconds
Standard Deviation 95.01
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minute play sessionWhen the gun was handled, this measures whether or not the participant(s) pulled the trigger.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral: Trigger Pulled
|
17 Participants
|
14 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minutes play sessionThe two guns hidden in the playroom contain sensors that count how often the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. A counter on the weapon displays the number of pulls, which will be entered into a data file along with the observational data described below. Observational data will also be used to confirm trigger pull counts. Note: This measure includes all 216 participants who found the handguns.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Trigger Pulls
|
7.26 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 14.66
|
7.90 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 17.36
|
6.41 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 26.51
|
1.96 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 9.55
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 20 minute play sessionTrained research assistants, blind to video game condition and experimental hypotheses, will independently code the play session videos. If participants pulled the trigger, were they pointing the gun at themselves or their partners? Calculations done using all participants who found a firearm.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gun Pointing With Trigger Pull
|
2.60 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 12.96
|
1.74 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 8.64
|
2.34 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 5.78
|
1.38 Trigger pulls
Standard Deviation 4.83
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: After 20 minutes play session, 5 minute questionnaireParticipants will complete a post-test questionnaire that collects data on the child's attitudes towards guns. Questionnaire is a 15-item attitudes towards guns survey (e.g., "I don't like being around people with guns because someone could end up getting hurt"; 0=strongly disagree to 4=strongly agree
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=50 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a seatbelt safety video about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
n=58 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure with the guns edited out.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
n=54 Participants
Participants in this condition will view a gun safety video featuring The Ohio State University Chief of Police about a week before coming into the lab. In the lab, they will watch a \~20 minute clip of either The Rocketeer or National Treasure featuring guns.
Gun handling behavior: Children will play in an observed room for 20 minutes. Aside from a selection of toys, two real handguns will be placed in a drawer. The handguns have been modified so they cannot fire. Inside the magazine, the handgun contains no bullets. Instead, it contains a sensor that counts the number of times the trigger is pulled with sufficient force to discharge the gun. This allows us to distinguish reliably the children who pull the trigger from those who handle the gun but do not pull the trigger
Debriefing: Children and their parents will be debriefed on the actual purpose of the study, including the role of the safety video and how the movie clips were edited.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Attitudes Toward Guns
|
2.99 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
2.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
3.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
3.15 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
Adverse Events
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Seatbelt Safety Video x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Absent
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Gun Safety Vid x Movie Clip - Guns Present
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place