Trial Outcomes & Findings for Vaper to Vaper: A Multimodal Mobile Peer Driven Intervention to Support Adolescents in Quitting Vaping (NCT NCT05140915)
NCT ID: NCT05140915
Last Updated: 2025-09-04
Results Overview
Investigators will assess the number of those screened, eligible, and consented who remain active in the program at 3 months.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
71 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
3 months
Results posted on
2025-09-04
Participant Flow
Unit of analysis: Schools
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Intervention
Schools were randomized to either the intervention or control condition. Students in schools randomized to the intervention received: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
|
Control
Schools were randomized to either the intervention or control condition. Students in schools randomized to the control condition were provided written e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
39 3
|
32 2
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
37 3
|
31 2
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
2 0
|
1 0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Intervention
Schools were randomized to either the intervention or control condition. Students in schools randomized to the intervention received: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
|
Control
Schools were randomized to either the intervention or control condition. Students in schools randomized to the control condition were provided written e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
2
|
1
|
Baseline Characteristics
Vaper to Vaper: A Multimodal Mobile Peer Driven Intervention to Support Adolescents in Quitting Vaping
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Intervention
n=39 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=32 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided written e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment. The written materials will consist of two pamphlets from Journeyworks, selected based on: (1) their clear and attractive layout designed for a low-literacy audience, and (2) their providing both information re: e-cigarette use with a strong message about nicotine and nicotine addiction, E-Cigarettes: 8 Things Everyone Should Know, and support in quitting, How to Quit Vaping.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: Written e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment. The written materials will consist of two pamphlets from Journeyworks, selected based on: (1) their clear and attractive layout designed for a low-literacy audience, and (2) their providing both information re: e-cigarette use with a strong message about nicotine and nicotine addiction, E-Cigarettes: 8 Things Everyone Should Know, and support in quitting, How to Quit Vaping.
|
Total
n=71 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
23 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
47 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
16 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
17.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=99 Participants
|
16.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=107 Participants
|
17.07 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Non-Binary
|
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Transgender
|
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
|
17 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
|
20 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
36 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
29 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
45 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
29 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
47 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
4 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
3 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
39 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
71 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Grade
9th
|
6 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Grade
10th
|
6 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Grade
11th
|
12 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Grade
12th
|
15 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsInvestigators will assess the number of those screened, eligible, and consented who remain active in the program at 3 months.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=39 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=32 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Participant Recruitment and Retention
|
37 Participants
|
31 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsPopulation: The data for this outcome measure were based on participant self-report. As participants were not required to answer all survey questions, the number of participants analyzed reflects only those who responded to the specific questions related to this outcome on the surveys.
Investigators will access the acceptability of and satisfaction with the intervention, as measured by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8).The overall CSQ-8 score is calculated by summing the respondent's rating (item rating) score for each scale item. Scores therefore range from 8 to 32, with higher values indicating higher satisfaction. Similarly, investigators will look for association between summary score and cessation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=32 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=20 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
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|---|---|---|
|
Acceptability of and Satisfaction With the Intervention
|
25.34 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.65
|
24.95 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.64
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsPopulation: The data for this outcome measure were based on participant self-report. As participants were not required to answer all survey questions, the number of participants analyzed reflects only those who responded to the specific questions related to this outcome on the surveys.
Cotinine-validated 7-day point prevalence abstinence, as measured by saliva samples collected from all; analyzed for those reporting 7-day abstinence; cut-off 11.4 ng/ml, cotinine-imputed abstinence when cotinine is missing.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=36 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=32 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants With Abstinence From Vaping as Measured by Saliva Samples [Cotinine-validated 7-day Point Prevalence]
|
5 Participants
|
5 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsInvestigators will assess the system use (for V2V intervention only), as measured by the number of peer coaching interactions completed.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=37 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Peer Coaching Interactions
|
5.05 Number of interactions
Standard Deviation 4.59
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsInvestigators will assess the system use (for V2V intervention only), as measured by the self-reported frequency of viewing peer videos.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=37 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Very Rarely (Once)
|
10 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Rarely (1-2 days/week)
|
6 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Frequently (5 days/week)
|
2 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Very Frequently
|
0 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Prefer not to answer
|
2 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Never
|
12 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Peer Videos Viewed
Occasionally (3-4 days/week)
|
5 Participants
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsInvestigators will assess the system use (for V2V intervention only), as measured by the self-reported frequency of reading gamification texts.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=37 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
Always
|
6 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
Usually
|
6 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
About half the time
|
6 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
Rarely
|
10 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
Never
|
8 Participants
|
—
|
|
Number of Games Engaged In
Prefer not to answer
|
1 Participants
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 monthsAssessment of change in self-efficacy, as measured by the Self-efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12). The SEQ-12 (Self-Efficacy) Score is the mean of 12 items coded 1 (Not at all confident) to 5 (Extremely Confident). The score can range from 1-5, with higher scores indicating better confidence to refrain from vaping.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=37 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=31 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Self-Efficacy Score
|
-.19 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation .20
|
.15 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation .22
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 monthsPopulation: The data for this outcome measure were based on participant self-report. As participants were not required to answer all survey questions, the number of participants analyzed reflects only those who responded to the specific questions related to this outcome on the surveys.
Investigators will also assess the change in stage of change, as measured by Prochaska's Stages of Change model. The stages of change are: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation/Determination, Action/Willpower, Maintenance, and Relapse. Participants will self-report their stage of change at 0 and 3 months.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=34 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=30 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants With With Change in Stage of Change
Worse
|
5 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants With With Change in Stage of Change
Same
|
15 Participants
|
17 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants With With Change in Stage of Change
Better
|
14 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 monthsInvestigators will assess the change in the severity of nicotine addiction, as measured by the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist Score is the sum of 10 items coded 0 (Not endorsed) or 1 (Endorsed). The possible range is 0-10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of addiction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=37 Participants
Students in school randomized to the intervention will receive: (1) peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit; (2) peer coaching, facilitated by texting; and (3) gamification, designed to motivate participation.
Peer Messaging: Peer messages, written by current and former adolescent e-cigarette users and tailored by age and readiness-to-quit.
Peer Coaching via Text: Peer coaching, facilitated by texting
Gamification: Gamification, designed to motivate participation
|
Control
n=31 Participants
Students in schools randomized to the control condition will be provided e-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
E-Cigarette Cessation Materials: E-cigarette cessation materials by the Research Coordinator at the time of study enrollment.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Severity of Nicotine Addiction
|
-.37 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation .79
|
-1.19 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation .87
|
Adverse Events
Intervention
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Rajani Sadasivam
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Phone: (508) 856-8923
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place