Trial Outcomes & Findings for Diagnostic Tools to Establish the Presence and Severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease in People With Diabetes (NCT NCT05009602)

NCT ID: NCT05009602

Last Updated: 2025-09-03

Results Overview

Diagnostic accuracy of the PAD-scan and other bedside tests will be compared to the results of a Magnetic resonance angiograph (MRA) or Computed tomography angiography (CTA) (reference test).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

604 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

6 weeks; all index tests will be performed on the same day of presentation; reference scan performed within six weeks of the index tests.

Results posted on

2025-09-03

Participant Flow

Patients are assessed for eligibility and some are excluded as per eligibility criteria

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
All Participants
Diagnostic Test: Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI) TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger. Diagnostic Test: Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing. Diagnostic Test: Audible handheld Doppler Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Visual handheld Doppler Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device. Diagnostic Test: Podiatry Ankle Duplex scan (PAD-scan) Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. To be used in 3 participating centers only.
Overall Study
STARTED
604
Overall Study
COMPLETED
536
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
68

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Diagnostic Tools to Establish the Presence and Severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease in People With Diabetes

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
All Participants
n=603 Participants
Diagnostic Test: Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI) TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger. Diagnostic Test: Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing. Diagnostic Test: Audible handheld Doppler Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Visual handheld Doppler Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device. Diagnostic Test: Podiatry Ankle Duplex scan (PAD-scan) Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. To be used in 3 participating centers only.
Age, Continuous
61.48 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.78 • n=99 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
215 Participants
n=99 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
388 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
429 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
83 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
47 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Mixed race / multiple ethnic background
12 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other ethnic group
31 Participants
n=99 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Missing
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
Diabetes mellitus type
Type 1
115 Participants
n=99 Participants
Diabetes mellitus type
Type 2
480 Participants
n=99 Participants
Diabetes mellitus type
Missing
8 Participants
n=99 Participants
Previous history of diabetic foot ulcer
Yes
68 Participants
n=99 Participants
Previous history of diabetic foot ulcer
No
595 Participants
n=99 Participants
Leg pain at rest
Yes
165 Participants
n=99 Participants
Leg pain at rest
No
438 Participants
n=99 Participants
Leg pain whilst exercising
Yes
157 Participants
n=99 Participants
Leg pain whilst exercising
No
446 Participants
n=99 Participants
Gangrene
Yes
8 Participants
n=99 Participants
Gangrene
No
595 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - ulceration
Yes
82 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - ulceration
No
521 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - Infection
Yes
27 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - Infection
No
576 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - Neuropathy present in index limb
Yes
148 Participants
n=99 Participants
Foot examination - Neuropathy present in index limb
No
455 Participants
n=99 Participants
Overall WIfI Score
Very Low
564 Participants
n=99 Participants
Overall WIfI Score
Low
13 Participants
n=99 Participants
Overall WIfI Score
Moderate
16 Participants
n=99 Participants
Overall WIfI Score
High
3 Participants
n=99 Participants
Overall WIfI Score
Missing
7 Participants
n=99 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 weeks; all index tests will be performed on the same day of presentation; reference scan performed within six weeks of the index tests.

Population: Number of participants who underwent the index test

Diagnostic accuracy of the PAD-scan and other bedside tests will be compared to the results of a Magnetic resonance angiograph (MRA) or Computed tomography angiography (CTA) (reference test).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=536 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=536 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=521 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=532 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=480 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=101 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Diagnostic Accuracy
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
75 percentage
Interval 64.0 to 87.0
63 percentage
Interval 52.0 to 74.0
58 percentage
Interval 48.0 to 67.0
59 percentage
Interval 48.0 to 70.0
55 percentage
Interval 44.0 to 67.0
57 percentage
Interval 38.0 to 76.0
Diagnostic Accuracy
Sensitivity
36 percentage
Interval 27.0 to 45.0
42 percentage
Interval 33.0 to 51.0
55 percentage
Interval 46.0 to 64.0
41 percentage
Interval 32.0 to 50.0
41 percentage
Interval 31.0 to 51.0
89 percentage
Interval 74.0 to 100.0
Diagnostic Accuracy
Specificity
93 percentage
Interval 90.0 to 97.0
86 percentage
Interval 81.0 to 91.0
78 percentage
Interval 72.0 to 83.0
84 percentage
Interval 79.0 to 89.0
83 percentage
Interval 78.0 to 88.0
69 percentage
Interval 54.0 to 84.0
Diagnostic Accuracy
Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
72 percentage
Interval 66.0 to 77.0
72 percentage
Interval 66.0 to 78.0
76 percentage
Interval 70.0 to 81.0
71 percentage
Interval 66.0 to 77.0
74 percentage
Interval 68.0 to 80.0
93 percentage
Interval 84.0 to 100.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 weeks; all index tests will be performed on the same day of presentation; reference scan performed within six weeks of the index tests.

Population: Number of participants who underwent the index test

Diagnostic accuracy of the PAD-scan and other bedside tests will be compared to the results of a Magnetic resonance angiograph (MRA) or Computed tomography angiography (CTA) (reference test).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=536 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=536 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=521 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=532 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=480 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=101 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Diagnostic Accuracy - Ratios
Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR)
0.7 ratio
Interval 0.6 to 0.8
0.7 ratio
Interval 0.6 to 0.8
0.6 ratio
Interval 0.5 to 0.7
0.7 ratio
Interval 0.6 to 0.8
0.7 ratio
Interval 0.6 to 0.8
0.2 ratio
Interval 0.0 to 0.6
Diagnostic Accuracy - Ratios
Positive Likelihood Ratio (PLR)
5.3 ratio
Interval 3.0 to 9.4
3.0 ratio
Interval 2.0 to 4.5
2.5 ratio
Interval 1.8 to 3.4
2.6 ratio
Interval 1.7 to 3.8
2.4 ratio
Interval 1.6 to 3.6
2.9 ratio
Interval 1.7 to 4.9
Diagnostic Accuracy - Ratios
Odds Ratio (OR)
7.7 ratio
Interval 3.9 to 15.1
4.4 ratio
Interval 2.5 to 7.6
4.2 ratio
Interval 2.5 to 7.0
3.7 ratio
Interval 2.1 to 6.3
3.4 ratio
Interval 2.0 to 6.1
18.8 ratio
Interval 3.4 to 106.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 5 years

Population: The costs over 5 years for a hypothetical cohort of 1000 diabetic patients that is similar to the DM PAD cohort. Weighted average costs.

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at 5 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=1000 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=1000 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=1000 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=1000 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=1000 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=1000 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
n=1000 Participants
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Health Economic Outcome - Cost Effectiveness
Cost (£)
11165437 GBP
Interval 10346360.0 to 12197728.0
11204467 GBP
Interval 10244720.0 to 12440400.0
11241003 GBP
Interval 10057894.0 to
11218496 GBP
Interval 10272695.0 to 12476374.0
11229209 GBP
Interval 10328808.0 to 12502669.0
11156745 GBP
Interval 11156745.0 to 11156745.0
11413487 GBP
Interval 9190648.0 to 14285664.0
Health Economic Outcome - Cost Effectiveness
Net benefit (£)
37186446 GBP
Interval 35752535.0 to 38475241.0
37310327 GBP
Interval 35587599.0 to 38724440.0
37607662 GBP
Interval 35404894.0 to 39371581.0
37273035 GBP
Interval 35626018.0 to 38725778.0
37267357 GBP
Interval 35554592.0 to 38677467.0
36240553 GBP
Interval 36240553.0 to 36240553.0
38641671 GBP
Interval 34660841.0 to 41716288.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 5 years

Population: Hypothetical cohort of 1000 diabetic patients that is similar to the DM PAD cohort

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at 5 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=1000 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=1000 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=1000 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=1000 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=1000 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=1000 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
n=1000 Participants
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Health Economic Outcome - Cost Effectiveness (QALY)
2418 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2392.0 to 2448.0
2426 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2397.0 to 2454.0
2442 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2407.0 to 2477.0
2425 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2397.0 to 2453.0
2425 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2397.0 to 2455.0
2370 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2370.0 to 2370.0
2503 Quality Adjusted Life Years
Interval 2444.0 to 2548.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 hour: all index tests will be performed on the same day of presentation.

Population: Participant that underwent the index test

Patients will be asked to rate their experience of each index test on a Likert scale.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=603 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=603 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=603 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=603 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=603 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=101 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Patient Acceptability
Missing
4 participants
6 participants
15 participants
9 participants
65 participants
0 participants
Patient Acceptability
Very unsatisfied
7 participants
7 participants
7 participants
11 participants
8 participants
2 participants
Patient Acceptability
Unsatisfied
1 participants
1 participants
0 participants
6 participants
6 participants
0 participants
Patient Acceptability
Neutral
6 participants
5 participants
6 participants
13 participants
12 participants
2 participants
Patient Acceptability
Satisfied
84 participants
81 participants
81 participants
89 participants
77 participants
21 participants
Patient Acceptability
Very satisfied
501 participants
503 participants
494 participants
475 participants
435 participants
77 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 weeks; all index tests will be performed on the same day of presentation; reference scan performed within six weeks of the index tests.

Population: Recruited participants

Inability to perform, refusal and discontinuation of tests will be documented

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Audible Doppler
n=603 Participants
Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Visual Doppler
n=603 Participants
Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device.
Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI)
n=603 Participants
TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger.
Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=603 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery.
Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
n=603 Participants
A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing.
Podiatry Ankle Duplex Scan (PAD-scan)
n=103 Participants
Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. Used in 3 participating centers only.
DUS for All
DUS for all considers a scenario where all diabetic patients are offered anatomical imaging at baseline, without a previous bedside test.
Technical Success
Assessment performed - yes
603 Participants
603 Participants
590 Participants
599 Participants
540 Participants
102 Participants
Technical Success
Assessment discontinued - yes
0 Participants
0 Participants
4 Participants
3 Participants
7 Participants
0 Participants
Technical Success
Assessment performed - no
0 Participants
0 Participants
13 Participants
4 Participants
63 Participants
1 Participants
Technical Success
Assessment discontinued - no
603 Participants
603 Participants
586 Participants
596 Participants
533 Participants
102 Participants

Adverse Events

All Participants

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
All Participants
n=604 participants at risk
Diagnostic Test: Toe Brachial Pressure Index (TBPI) TBPI will be measured using the photoplethysmography (PPG) method, employing an infrared sensor placed on the hallux and index finger. Diagnostic Test: Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Exercise Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) A sphygmomanometer-cuff placed at the ankle and a handheld continuous wave Doppler device will be used to measure the systolic pressure of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery, following the participant completing 50 consecutive repetitions of active dorsiflexion whilst standing. Diagnostic Test: Audible handheld Doppler Audible CW Doppler interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery. Diagnostic Test: Visual handheld Doppler Visual CW interrogation of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial artery was performed using the handheld Huntleigh Digital Dopplex device. Diagnostic Test: Podiatry Ankle Duplex scan (PAD-scan) Podiatry ankle duplex scan (PAD-scan) involves using an ultrasound machine to visualise the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the ankle. To be used in 3 participating centers only.
Vascular disorders
Bilateral Leg pain
0.17%
1/604 • Number of events 1 • Reported during the study duration; approximately 6 weeks (from baseline until scan performed).
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical trial participant. An AE can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, whether or not considered related to the trial protocol. For the purposes of the study, only AEs related to study procedures were recorded.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
0.17%
1/604 • Number of events 1 • Reported during the study duration; approximately 6 weeks (from baseline until scan performed).
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical trial participant. An AE can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, whether or not considered related to the trial protocol. For the purposes of the study, only AEs related to study procedures were recorded.
Vascular disorders
Cramp and leg pain
0.17%
1/604 • Number of events 1 • Reported during the study duration; approximately 6 weeks (from baseline until scan performed).
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical trial participant. An AE can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, whether or not considered related to the trial protocol. For the purposes of the study, only AEs related to study procedures were recorded.
Vascular disorders
Leg pain
0.17%
1/604 • Number of events 1 • Reported during the study duration; approximately 6 weeks (from baseline until scan performed).
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical trial participant. An AE can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, whether or not considered related to the trial protocol. For the purposes of the study, only AEs related to study procedures were recorded.

Additional Information

Laura Burgess

Imperial College London

Phone: 0203 311 5208

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place