Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Study Evaluating the Combination of Encorafenib and Cetuximab Versus Irinotecan/Cetuximab or Infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/Folinic Acid (FA)/Irinotecan (FOLFIRI)/Cetuximab in Chinese Patients With BRAF V600E Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. (NCT NCT05004350)

A Study Evaluating the Combination of Encorafenib and Cetuximab Versus Irinotecan/Cetuximab or Infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/Folinic Acid (FA)/Irinotecan (FOLFIRI)/Cetuximab in Chinese Patients With BRAF V600E Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

DLT rate was estimated based on data from DLT-evaluable participants during the DLT-evaluation period (which is the first 28 days after the first dose of study intervention in the SLI) to assess the safety and tolerability of the doublet arm.

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest documented disease progression (PD) as determined by BICR assessment per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, or death due to any cause.

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest documented disease progression as determined by BICR assessment per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, or death due to any cause.

cORR as determined by Blinded (to treatment received) Independent Central Review (BICR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1, was defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), where CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

cORR as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST version 1.1, was defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), where CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

DOR was defined for confirmed responders (CR or PR) only, as the time from the date of the first documented response to the earliest date of disease progression (PD) as determined by BICR per RECIST Version 1.1, or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated.

DOR was defined for confirmed responders (CR or PR) only, as the time from the date of the first documented response to the earliest date of disease progression (PD) as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST Version 1.1, or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated.

Exposure to the study intervention was defined as the time interval between the actual date of first study intervention administration (included) and the actual date of last study intervention administration (included), i.e., as the quantity "date of last study intervention administration date of first study intervention administration + 1 day". Duration of exposure by treatment arm was computed as the maximum of all durations of exposure for each drug of the assigned regimen.

A TEAE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Number of participants reporting TEAEs were reported in this outcome measure.

A serious TEAE is a TEAE that results in significant health consequences, such as death, hospitalization, or permanent disability. Number of participants reporting serious TEAEs were reported in this outcome measure.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. Number of participants with dose interruptions, dose modifications and dose discontinuations due to AEs were reported in this outcome measure.

Clinically notable changes were defined as participants meeting the elevated or low values criterion compared to baseline. The criterion for clinically notable elevated values included: systolic blood pressure (BP): ≥ 160 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and an increase ≥ 20 mmHg from baseline; diastolic BP: ≥ 100 mmHg and an increase ≥ 15 mmHg from baseline; heart rate : ≥ 120 beats/min (bpm) with increase from baseline of ≥ 15 bpm; weight (kg) increase from baseline of ≥ 10 percent; body temperature \[degree Celsius (deg C)\] ≥ 37.5 deg C. The criterion for clinically notable low values included: systolic BP: ≤ 90 mmHg with decrease from baseline of ≥ 20 mmHg; diastolic BP: ≤ 50 mmHg with decrease from baseline of ≥ 15 mmHg; heart rate: ≤ 50 bpm with decrease from baseline of ≥ 15 bpm; weight: ≥ 20 percent decrease from baseline; body temperature \[deg C\]: ≤ 36 °C.

Clinically notable ECG changes were defined as participants meeting the criterion for QT interval, QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula (QTcF), and heart rate compared to baseline. The criterion for QT interval and QTcF included: increase from baseline \> 30 msec (ms); increase from baseline \> 60 ms, new \> 450 ms, new \> 480 ms, new \> 500 ms. The criterion for heart rate included: increase from baseline \> 25 percent to a value \> 100 beats per minute (bpm), decrease from baseline \> 25 percent and to a value \< 50 bpm.

Clinically notable shift was defined as a worsening from baseline by at least 2 Grades, or to Grade 3 or above based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 4.03. 'Low' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values falling below the institutional Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or a higher decrease. 'High' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values exceeding the institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or higher increase. Where, Grade 1: mild, asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; Grade 4: life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death.

Clinically notable shift was defined as a worsening from baseline by at least 2 Grades, or to Grade 3 or above based on NCI-CTCAE version 4.03. 'Low' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values falling below the institutional Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or a higher decrease. 'High' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values exceeding the institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or higher increase. Where, Grade 1: mild, asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; Grade 4: life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death.

Dermatological examination was performed to monitor for the possible development of keratoacanthoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma and primary melanoma, as these have been reported to occur with selective B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitor treatment. \[1\] The category "Other" includes all other dermatological findings identified during examination (e.g. rash acneiform, skin hyperpigmentation...).

The performance status of participants was assessed using the Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. The scale was defined with the range from 0 to 5 with lower score mean a lower functional impairment, and a higher score (e.g. 5) corresponding to death.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

PFS was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest documented date of PD as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST Version 1.1, or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated.

cORR as determined by Blinded (to treatment received) Independent Central Review (BICR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1, was defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), where CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

cORR as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST Version 1.1, was defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of either complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), where CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

DOR was defined for confirmed responders (CR or PR) only, as the time from the date of the first documented response to the earliest date of disease progression (PD) as determined by BICR per RECIST Version 1.1, or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated.

DOR was defined for confirmed responders (CR or PR) only, as the time from the date of the first documented response to the earliest date of disease progression (PD) as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST Version 1.1, or death due to any cause. PD: at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions were evaluated.

cDCR was defined as the proportion of participants with a confirmed Best Overall Response (BOR) of CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD), as determined by BICR per RECIST Version 1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters, and SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.

cDCR was defined as the proportion of participants with a confirmed Best Overall Response (BOR) of CR, PR or Stable Disease (SD), as determined by investigator assesment per RECIST Version 1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters, and SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.

TTR for confirmed responses was defined for responders (CR or PR) as the time between the date of randomization until the first documented response of CR or PR as determined by BICR per RECIST Version 1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

TTR for confirmed responses was defined for responders (CR or PR) as the time between the date of randomization until the first documented response of CR or PR as determined by investigator assessment per RECIST Version 1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and and non-target lesions; any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm, and PR: at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.

OS was defined as time from randomization until date of death due to any cause.

Exposure to the study intervention was defined as the time interval between the actual date of first study intervention administration (included) and the actual date of last study intervention administration (included), i.e., as the quantity "date of last study intervention administration date of first study intervention administration + 1 day". Duration of exposure by treatment arm was computed as the maximum of all durations of exposure for each drug of the assigned regimen.

A TEAE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Number of participants reporting TEAEs were reported in this outcome measure.

A serious TEAE is a TEAE that results in significant health consequences, such as death, hospitalization, or permanent disability. Number of participants reporting serious TEAEs were reported in this outcome measure.

Clinically notable changes were defined as participants meeting the elevated or low values criterion compared to baseline. The criterion for clinically notable elevated values included: systolic blood pressure (BP): ≥ 160 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and an increase ≥ 20 mmHg from baseline; diastolic BP: ≥ 100 mmHg and an increase ≥ 15 mmHg from baseline; heart rate : ≥ 120 beats/min (bpm) with increase from baseline of ≥ 15 bpm; weight (kg) increase from baseline of ≥ 10 percent; body temperature \[degree Celsius (deg C)\] ≥ 37.5 deg C. The criterion for clinically notable low values included: systolic BP: ≤ 90 mmHg with decrease from baseline of ≥ 20 mmHg; diastolic BP: ≤ 50 mmHg with decrease from baseline of ≥ 15 mmHg; heart rate: ≤ 50 bpm with decrease from baseline of ≥ 15 bpm; weight: ≥ 20 percent decrease from baseline; body temperature \[deg C\]: ≤ 36 °C.

Clinically notable ECG changes were defined as participants meeting the criterion for QT interval, QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula (QTcF), and heart rate compared to baseline. The criterion for QT interval and QTcF included: increase from baseline \> 30 msec (ms); increase from baseline \> 60 ms, new \> 450 ms, new \> 480 ms, new \> 500 ms. The criterion for heart rate included: increase from baseline \> 25 percent to a value \> 100 beats per minute (bpm), decrease from baseline \> 25 percent and to a value \< 50 bpm.

Clinically notable shift was defined as a worsening from baseline by at least 2 grades, or to grade 3 or above based on NCI-CTCAE version 4.03. 'Low' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values falling below the institutional Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or a higher decrease. 'High' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values exceeding the institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or higher increase. Where, Grade 1: mild, asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; Grade 4: life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death.

Clinically notable shift was defined as a worsening from baseline by at least 2 grades, or to grade 3 or above based on NCI-CTCAE version 4.03. 'Low' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values falling below the institutional Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or a higher decrease. 'High' laboratory parameter thresholds are defined as values exceeding the institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) that meet the criteria for a Grade 1 or higher increase. Where, Grade 1: mild, asymptomatic or mild symptoms, clinical or diagnostic observations only, intervention not indicated; Grade 2: moderate, minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; Grade 3: severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; Grade 4: life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated; Grade 5: death.

Dermatological examination was performed to monitor for the possible development of keratoacanthoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma and primary melanoma, as these have been reported to occur with selective B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitor treatment. \[1\] All other dermatological findings identified during examination (e.g. rash acneiform, skin hyperpigmentation...).

The performance status of participants was assessed using the Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale. The scale was defined with the range from 0 to 5 with lower score mean a lower functional impairment, and a higher score (e.g. 5) corresponding to death. \[1\] Participants with no assessment of ECOG in the time frame.

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer Patients (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire consisted of nine multi-item scales: five functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional and social); three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting); and a global health and Quality of Life (QoL) scale. Each scale in the questionnaire was scored (0 to 100). High scores represented a high health/quality of life. Time to definitive deterioration (at least 10% worsening relative to Baseline with no later improvement) was assessed for both randomized phase treatment arms.

The European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) consisted of the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (VAS). The descriptive system consisted of five dimension (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression), each was rated according to a five-point verbal rating scale (VRS): 1. no problems, 2. slight problems, 3. moderate problems, 4. severe problems and 5. extreme problems) and translated into a five-digit number that described the participant's health state. Time to definitive deterioration (at least 10% worsening relative to Baseline with no later improvement) was assessed for both randomized phase treatment arms.

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) was a validated quality of life questionnaire for patient reported outcome assessment. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon Cancer (FACT-C) consisted of 36 items, presented on a five-point Likert scale, in four domains of well-being (physical, emotional, social and functional) and the Colorectal Cancer Subscale. Higher score reflects a better quality of life. Time to definitive deterioration (at least 10% worsening relative to Baseline with no later improvement) was assessed for both randomized phase treatment arms.

The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) questionnaire is a scale often used to anchor and characterize participant reported outcome (PRO) findings. This consisted of questions that asked participants to evaluate their colorectal cancer symptoms since starting study intervention according to a seven-point verbal rating scale: 1. very much improved, 2. much improved, 3. minimally improved, 4. no change, 5. minimally worse, 6. much worse, 7. very much worse. Completions of questionnaire are summarized per treatment group and study visits. Number of participants analyzed correspond to the actual number of participants who completed the questionnaire at the corresponding visit.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of encorafenib.

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of cetuximab.