Trial Outcomes & Findings for Robotically Augmented Mental Practice (NCT NCT04962698)
NCT ID: NCT04962698
Last Updated: 2023-10-19
Results Overview
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) of the hand muscle
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
25 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
1 day
Results posted on
2023-10-19
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
(Cross-over design but presented as a single group because of many sequences)
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery: Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-hand interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the robotically augmented practice without MI.
Virtual-hand interaction: Subjects will perform the augmented practice with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery: Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Motor Imagery
STARTED
|
19
|
6
|
|
Motor Imagery
COMPLETED
|
18
|
4
|
|
Motor Imagery
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
2
|
|
Kinesthetic MI
STARTED
|
19
|
0
|
|
Kinesthetic MI
COMPLETED
|
18
|
0
|
|
Kinesthetic MI
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
0
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction With MI
STARTED
|
19
|
6
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction With MI
COMPLETED
|
18
|
4
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction With MI
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
2
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction Without MI
STARTED
|
19
|
0
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction Without MI
COMPLETED
|
18
|
0
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction Without MI
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
0
|
|
Virtual-hand Interaction
STARTED
|
19
|
0
|
|
Virtual-hand Interaction
COMPLETED
|
18
|
0
|
|
Virtual-hand Interaction
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
0
|
|
Robotic Action Observation
STARTED
|
19
|
0
|
|
Robotic Action Observation
COMPLETED
|
18
|
0
|
|
Robotic Action Observation
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
0
|
|
Rest
STARTED
|
19
|
6
|
|
Rest
COMPLETED
|
18
|
4
|
|
Rest
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
2
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
(Cross-over design but presented as a single group because of many sequences)
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery: Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-hand interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the robotically augmented practice without MI.
Virtual-hand interaction: Subjects will perform the augmented practice with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery: Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Motor Imagery
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Motor Imagery
Exclusion criteria met after enrollment
|
0
|
2
|
|
Kinesthetic MI
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction With MI
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction With MI
Exclusion criteria met after enrollment
|
0
|
2
|
|
Robotic-hand Interaction Without MI
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Virtual-hand Interaction
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Robotic Action Observation
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Rest
Technical difficulty
|
1
|
0
|
|
Rest
Exclusion criteria met after enrollment
|
0
|
2
|
Baseline Characteristics
Robotically Augmented Mental Practice
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=19 Participants
All participants will receive various types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-hand interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the robotically augmented practice without MI.
Virtual-hand interaction: Subjects will perform the augmented practice with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=6 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery: Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-hand interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Total
n=25 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
19 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
11 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
8 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
17 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
7 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
7 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
3 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
19 participants
n=99 Participants
|
6 participants
n=107 Participants
|
25 participants
n=206 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayPopulation: Post-stroke data were not included in the overall statistical tests because they have distinct neuromotor characteristics and cannot be mixed with healthy samples. Post-stroke data were not statistically tested independently either because the number of subjects is too small to achieve appropriate statistical power. This strategy was as originally planned.
Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) of the hand muscle
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=18 Participants
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the Robot-Hand Interaction without MI.
Virtual-Hand Interaction: Subjects will interact with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=4 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
MEP Amplitude
Motor Imagery
|
0.813 mV
Standard Deviation 0.800
|
0.475 mV
Standard Deviation 0.300
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery
|
0.916 mV
Standard Deviation 0.695
|
—
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI
|
1.237 mV
Standard Deviation 1.010
|
0.451 mV
Standard Deviation 0.307
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI
|
1.019 mV
Standard Deviation 0.823
|
—
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Virtual-Hand Interaction
|
1.197 mV
Standard Deviation 1.010
|
—
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Robotic Action Observation
|
0.899 mV
Standard Deviation 0.652
|
—
|
|
MEP Amplitude
Rest
|
1.106 mV
Standard Deviation 0.715
|
0.810 mV
Standard Deviation 0.567
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayPopulation: Post-stroke data were not included in the overall statistical tests because they have distinct neuromotor characteristics and cannot be mixed with healthy samples. Post-stroke data were not statistically tested independently either because the number of subjects is too small to achieve appropriate statistical power. This strategy was as originally planned.
Reaction time of the index finger in response to an auditory cue (reaction time test)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=18 Participants
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the Robot-Hand Interaction without MI.
Virtual-Hand Interaction: Subjects will interact with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=4 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time
Motor Imagery
|
293.6 ms
Standard Deviation 43.0
|
522.0 ms
Standard Deviation 205.4
|
|
Reaction Time
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery
|
286.4 ms
Standard Deviation 57.5
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI
|
275.7 ms
Standard Deviation 51.5
|
378.6 ms
Standard Deviation 107.0
|
|
Reaction Time
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI
|
271.7 ms
Standard Deviation 38.3
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time
Virtual-Hand Interaction
|
273.4 ms
Standard Deviation 44.2
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time
Robotic Action Observation
|
259.9 ms
Standard Deviation 38.2
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time
Rest
|
234.2 ms
Standard Deviation 38.7
|
362.8 ms
Standard Deviation 94.4
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayPopulation: Post-stroke data were not included in the overall statistical tests because they have distinct neuromotor characteristics and cannot be mixed with healthy samples. Post-stroke data were not statistically tested independently either because the number of subjects is too small to achieve appropriate statistical power. This strategy was as originally planned.
Peak EMG amplitude of the hand muscle during the reaction time test was determined in each intervention. After identifying the maximal peak EMG value among the interventions, peak EMG value in each task was normalized to that maximal peak EMG, expressed as the ratio.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=18 Participants
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the Robot-Hand Interaction without MI.
Virtual-Hand Interaction: Subjects will interact with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=4 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Peak EMG
Motor Imagery
|
0.602 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.292
|
0.517 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.320
|
|
Peak EMG
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery
|
0.602 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.277
|
—
|
|
Peak EMG
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI
|
0.721 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.290
|
0.954 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.093
|
|
Peak EMG
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI
|
0.699 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.311
|
—
|
|
Peak EMG
Virtual-Hand Interaction
|
0.683 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.302
|
—
|
|
Peak EMG
Robotic Action Observation
|
0.488 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.288
|
—
|
|
Peak EMG
Rest
|
0.530 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.256
|
0.599 Ratio
Standard Deviation 0.313
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayPopulation: Post-stroke data were not included in the overall statistical tests because they have distinct neuromotor characteristics and cannot be mixed with healthy samples. Post-stroke data were not statistically tested independently either because the number of subjects is too small to achieve appropriate statistical power. This strategy was as originally planned.
Maximal rate of force development during a reaction time test
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=18 Participants
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the Robot-Hand Interaction without MI.
Virtual-Hand Interaction: Subjects will interact with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=4 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Motor Imagery
|
44.0 N/s
Standard Deviation 39.8
|
12.6 N/s
Standard Deviation 6.7
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery
|
42.9 N/s
Standard Deviation 33.0
|
—
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI
|
56.7 N/s
Standard Deviation 53.9
|
23.0 N/s
Standard Deviation 15.9
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI
|
61.6 N/s
Standard Deviation 61.5
|
—
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Virtual-Hand Interaction
|
57.0 N/s
Standard Deviation 57.3
|
—
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Robotic Action Observation
|
39.1 N/s
Standard Deviation 33.2
|
—
|
|
Maximal Rate of Force Development
Rest
|
40.8 N/s
Standard Deviation 48.1
|
20.0 N/s
Standard Deviation 15.4
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayPopulation: Post-stroke data were not included in the overall statistical tests because they have distinct neuromotor characteristics and cannot be mixed with healthy samples. Post-stroke data were not statistically tested independently either because the number of subjects is too small to achieve appropriate statistical power. This strategy was as originally planned.
Peak force of the index finger during a reaction time test
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Healthy Participants
n=18 Participants
All participants will receive seven types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Kinesthetic MI: The same MI procedure as Visual MI will be performed, except that the subjects will focus on the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the imagined motions.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI: Subjects will perform the Robot-Hand Interaction without MI.
Virtual-Hand Interaction: Subjects will interact with visual feedback of virtual robot actions on a monitor.
Robotic action observation: Subjects will relax their muscles and focus on observing the computer-controlled grasp and release actions of the robotic hand.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
Post-Stroke Participants
n=4 Participants
All participants will receive three types of interventions in random order. The types of interventions are the same across subjects.
Visual motor imagery (MI): Subjects will relax their muscles and perform conventional visual mental imagery (MI). With the guidance of audio instruction, the subjects will imagine the grasp and release motions with the right arm for 2 s in each motion in their mind. There will be no proximal muscle contraction.
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI: Subjects will perform robotically augmented mental practice for grasp and release motions with the activation control of the proximal muscles. During this task, subjects will also imagine the kinesthetic sensation that they would feel with the corresponding motions with the right arm.
Rest: Subjects will rest without a task.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Peak Force
Motor Imagery
|
4.369 N
Standard Deviation 4.018
|
1.968 N
Standard Deviation 1.869
|
|
Peak Force
Kinesthetic Motor Imagery
|
4.370 N
Standard Deviation 4.010
|
—
|
|
Peak Force
Robotic-Hand Interaction with MI
|
5.342 N
Standard Deviation 5.557
|
3.708 N
Standard Deviation 3.378
|
|
Peak Force
Robotic-Hand Interaction without MI
|
5.666 N
Standard Deviation 5.553
|
—
|
|
Peak Force
Virtual-Hand Interaction
|
5.105 N
Standard Deviation 5.464
|
—
|
|
Peak Force
Robotic Action Observation
|
3.741 N
Standard Deviation 3.385
|
—
|
|
Peak Force
Rest
|
3.537 N
Standard Deviation 3.878
|
3.312 N
Standard Deviation 4.107
|
Adverse Events
Healthy Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Post-Stroke Participants
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place