Trial Outcomes & Findings for CEDARS Intervention: A Coping, Emotional Development, & Stress Reduction Intervention (NCT NCT04958694)

Youth ages 14-19 years were recruited through social media advertisements.

Participants completed baseline screening assessments, including the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire. Participants were stratified by ACE score and then assigned to either the intervention group or the waitlist control group.

Participants were allowed to pick multiple gender identities and as a result the numbers may differ from the overall recruitment number.

This measurement reflects the number of participants recruited compared to the recruitment target goal.

Feasibility was defined as the proportion of participants who completed at least 4 of the 7 core intervention modules during the study period.

Intervention module completion was defined as the mean number of modules the intervention participants completed during the study period.

Acceptability was defined as participant satisfaction with the intervention, measured using a 1-10 satisfaction scale, with scores ≥8 indicating intervention acceptability.

Acceptability was defined as participant satisfaction with the intervention measured using a 1-10 satisfaction scale, with scores ≥8 indicating positive acceptability.

The PHQ-9 is a self-administered depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). It contains 9 questions that help identify patients with clinically meaningful symptoms of depression. Patient responses are scored 0-3 with 0 representing "not at all" and 3 indicating "nearly every day;" thus, the PHQ-9 contains a total score range of 0-27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. No specific administration time could be found, but a reasonable administration time is approximately 5-10 minutes for cognitively intact patients. PHQ-9 questions are straightforward and pertain to depressive symptoms experienced over the past 2 weeks that include anhedonia, dysphoria, sleep disturbances, fatigue, changes in eating, low self-esteem, concentration difficulties, hypo-or-hyper-active behaviors, and thoughts of suicide or homicide.

The GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of generalized anxiety disorder, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21 based on a 4-point scale (0-3). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 represent cut-points for mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively. A score of 10 or higher is the recommended threshold for identifying probable cases of GAD.

PANAS-C SF Scale: In this 10-item scale, the 5 positive affect (PA) items are summed to obtain a PA score, and the 5 negative affect (NA) items are summed to obtain an NA score. Each question is scored 1- "not much or not at all" to 5- "a lot. Higher scores on each scale indicate higher levels of engagement within that particular affect, although there is no cutoff threshold.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a widely used, self-report psychological instrument designed to measure the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as uncontrollable, unpredictable, and overwhelming. The general scoring guidelines are 0-13: Low stress, 14-26: Moderate stress, 27-40: High perceived stress.

The Flourishing Scale (FS; Diener et al., 2010) is a brief 8-item summary measure of the respondent's self-perceived success in important areas such as relationships, self-esteem, purpose, and optimism. It was designed to measure social-psychological prosperity and to complement existing measures of subjective well-being. The FS provides a single psychological well-being score. All items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale where 1 = strongly disagree and 7 = strongly agree. All items are phrased in a positive direction. Scores can range from 8 (Strong Disagreement with all items) to 56 (Strong Agreement with all items). Higher scores indicate greater flourshing.

PANAS-C SF Scale: In this 10-item scale, the 5 positive affect (PA) items are summed to obtain a PA score, and the 5 negative affect (NA) items are summed to obtain an NA score. Each question is scored 1- "not much or not at all" to 5- "a lot. Higher scores on each scale indicate higher levels of engagement within that particular affect, although there is no cutoff threshold.

The Brief Resilient Coping Scale captures tendencies to cope with stress adaptively. The scale focuses on the tendency to effectively use coping strategies in flexible, committed ways to actively solve problems despite stressful circumstances. Total score: Total sum scores range from 4 to 20. Scores of 4-13 indicate low resilient coping, 14-16 indicate medium resilient coping and 17-20 indicate high resilient coping.