Trial Outcomes & Findings for Probiotic Therapy for Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder (NCT NCT04655326)

NCT ID: NCT04655326

Last Updated: 2026-04-09

Results Overview

The PGIA-Change assesses the change in 20 different autism-related symptoms on a 7-point scale, from -3 (much worse) to 0 (no change) to +3 (much better) Note that this is a different scale than the PGIA-Baseline, which assesses severity on an absolute scale. The rationale for the two scales is that, based on our clinical experience, it appears that parents can give an approximate value for their child's severity (PGIA-Baseline), but that it is more accurate to ask them about change (with the PGIA-Change) than to ask them about severity again and compare it vs a baseline score (PGIA-Baseline).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

296 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

change in score between baseline and 3 months

Results posted on

2026-04-09

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Treatment Group
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
Overall Study
STARTED
296
Overall Study
COMPLETED
170
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
126

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Treatment Group
n=296 Participants
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
Age, Continuous
10.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=296 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
60 Participants
n=296 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
236 Participants
n=296 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
296 participants
n=296 Participants
Parent Global Impressions of Autism (PGIA) - Baseline
2.81 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.87 • n=296 Participants
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2)
80.1 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 • n=296 Participants
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)
2.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.97 • n=296 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: change in score between baseline and 3 months

The PGIA-Change assesses the change in 20 different autism-related symptoms on a 7-point scale, from -3 (much worse) to 0 (no change) to +3 (much better) Note that this is a different scale than the PGIA-Baseline, which assesses severity on an absolute scale. The rationale for the two scales is that, based on our clinical experience, it appears that parents can give an approximate value for their child's severity (PGIA-Baseline), but that it is more accurate to ask them about change (with the PGIA-Change) than to ask them about severity again and compare it vs a baseline score (PGIA-Baseline).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Treatment Group
n=170 Participants
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
Parent Global Impressions of Autism - Change
0.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.55

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: change in score between baseline and 3 months

A questionnaire about social skills, where higher scores suggest more severe autism. Scores range from 0 to 195, with higher scores indicating more severe problems.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Treatment Group
n=170 Participants
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
Social Responsiveness Scale
Baseline
80.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.3
Social Responsiveness Scale
End of treatment
78.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: change in score between baseline and 3 months

A questionnaire which evaluates 15 gastrointestinal symptoms on a severity scale from 1 (none) to 7 (severe). We report the average score of those 15 items

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Treatment Group
n=170 Participants
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
Baseline
2.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.98
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
End of treatment
1.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.95

Adverse Events

Treatment Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Treatment Group
n=296 participants at risk
Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota Flore: personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals
General disorders
gut symptoms, autism symptoms and behavior
0.34%
1/296 • Number of events 1 • During the 3 months of synbiotic treatment

Additional Information

Prof. James Adams

Arizona State University

Phone: 480 965 3316

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place