Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Study of Oral Ladarixin in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes and a Low Residual β-cell Function (NCT NCT04628481)

A total of 141 participants were randomized in the study and 140 participants received treatment.

There was a run-in period to allow the start of ladarixin dosing within 180 days from the first insulin injection, followed by randomization. Of the 141 participants randomized, one participant did not receive the study treatment.

A Study of Oral Ladarixin in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes and a Low Residual β-cell Function

Change from baseline in the 2-hour C-peptide Area Under the Curve (AUC) following a Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) at Month 6. The analysis used an adjusted ANCOVA model with the change from baseline in log(AUC + 1) as the dependent variable. Qualitative independent variables included treatment group, age group, sex, and BMI group, with the baseline value as a quantitative covariate. Missing data at Month 6 were handled via multiple imputation using a retrieved dropout approach. Missing values were imputed using a regression model based on the participant's allocated treatment arm and baseline value, utilizing data from participants who discontinued treatment but completed the Month 6 measurement. Baseline is defined as the last visit prior to randomization. Change from Baseline is defined as post-baseline visit value minus baseline visit value. The adjusted mean along with its the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) has been presented.

Change from baseline in the 2-hour C-peptide AUC following a MMTT at Months 6, 12, and 18. The analysis used an adjusted ANCOVA model with the change from baseline in log(AUC + 1) as the dependent variable. Qualitative independent variables included treatment group, age group, sex, and BMI group, with the baseline value as a quantitative covariate. Missing data at Months 12, 18 and 24 were handled via multiple imputation using a retrieved dropout approach. Missing values were imputed using a regression model based on the participant's allocated treatment arm and baseline value, utilizing data from participants who discontinued treatment but completed the measurement at the timepoint of interest. Intermediate timepoints were included as covariates in the model. Baseline is defined as the last visit prior to randomization. Change from Baseline is defined as post-baseline visit value minus baseline visit value.

The change from baseline in HbA1c was analyzed using an adjusted ANCOVA model. The dependent variable is the change from baseline in HbA1c at each respective time point, with treatment, age group, sex, and BMI group as qualitative independent variables and the baseline value as a quantitative covariate. . Missing data are addressed via Multiple Imputation (MI) using a retrieved dropout approach, where values are imputed based on a regression model incorporating treatment arm, baseline value, and intermediate assessments as covariates. Baseline is defined as the last visit prior to randomization. Change from Baseline is defined as post-baseline visit value minus baseline visit value. The adjusted mean along with its the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) has been presented.

The proportion of participants with HbA1c \< 7% was calculated by timepoint: the numerator was the number of participants with events occurring at a specific timepoint (month X visit), without cumulating participants with events up to that timepoint. Participants with severe hypoglycemic events were considered cumulatively and only events up to month 12 were considered (condition was evaluated by considering treatment period only). If HbA1c ≥ 7% or the participant had experienced a severe hypoglycemic event, then the endpoint was equal to "No" even in the case of one missing component. If either the HbA1c or severe hypoglycemic event data was missing, but the other satisfied the criteria for the endpoint, then the response to the endpoint was missing.

The average daily insulin requirement at each visit was calculated from the daily insulin requirement measured at the 3 days prior to the visit.

Percentage of participants with HbA1c \<7% and daily insulin requirement \<0.5 (IU/Kg/day) was calculated for each time point, the numerator is the number of participants in each treatment group with events occurring at a specific timepoint, and the denominator is the number of participants in each treatment group reaching the specific visit.

This outcome assessed the total number of self-reported episodes of severe hypoglycemia occurring across all participants.

This outcome assessed the percentage of participants who did not require an insulin therapy at the timepoint of interest.

Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) is a marker for the Assessment of Insulin Resistance and a validated clinical tool for estimating insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. The eGDR was calculated using a formula incorporating Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension status (blood pressure), and the Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), with results expressed in milligrams per kilogram per minute (mg/kg/min).