Trial Outcomes & Findings for Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatments After Bariatric Surgery: Maintenance Treatment (Stage 2a) (NCT NCT04605081)

NCT ID: NCT04605081

Last Updated: 2026-08-26

Results Overview

Percent weight loss is calculated based on change from pre-treatment to post-treatment at 12 weeks. Negative values indicate weight loss.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Target enrollment

24 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

From baseline at study enrollment to after the 12-week treatment

Results posted on

2026-08-26

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Overall Study
STARTED
11
13
Overall Study
COMPLETED
11
12
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatments After Bariatric Surgery: Maintenance Treatment (Stage 2a)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=13 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Total
n=24 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
50.00 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.14 • n=31 Participants
45.62 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.11 • n=49 Participants
47.62 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.64 • n=80 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
10 Participants
n=31 Participants
12 Participants
n=49 Participants
22 Participants
n=80 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
1 Participants
n=31 Participants
1 Participants
n=49 Participants
2 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
2 Participants
n=31 Participants
4 Participants
n=49 Participants
6 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
9 Participants
n=31 Participants
9 Participants
n=49 Participants
18 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants
n=31 Participants
3 Participants
n=49 Participants
5 Participants
n=80 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
9 Participants
n=31 Participants
10 Participants
n=49 Participants
19 Participants
n=80 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
0 Participants
n=49 Participants
0 Participants
n=80 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At post-treatment after the 12-week treatment

Relapse will be scored as a yes/no (categorical variable); this categorical variable will be based on frequency of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Relapse category will be defined as ≥4 loss-of-control eating per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=12 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Relapse
2 Participants
2 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From post-treatment to the 6-month follow-up

Relapse will be scored as a yes/no (categorical variable); this categorical variable will be based on frequency of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Relapse category will be defined as ≥4 loss-of-control eating per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=7 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=7 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Relapse
4 Participants
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From post-treatment to the 12-month follow-up

Relapse will be scored as a yes/no (categorical variable); this categorical variable will be based on frequency of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Relapse category will be defined as ≥4 loss-of-control eating per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=6 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=5 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Relapse
3 Participants
0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From baseline at study enrollment to after the 12-week treatment

Percent weight loss is calculated based on change from pre-treatment to post-treatment at 12 weeks. Negative values indicate weight loss.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=12 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Percent Weight Change
-1.54 percent change
Standard Deviation 2.08
-0.27 percent change
Standard Deviation 2.12

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From post-treatment to the 6-month follow-up

Percent weight loss is calculated based on change from post-treatment to the 6-month follow-up. Negative values indicate weight loss.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=9 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=8 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Percent Weight Change
4.48 percent change
Standard Deviation 5.27
1.35 percent change
Standard Deviation 7.84

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From post-treatment to the 12-month follow-up

Percent weight loss is calculated based on change from post-treatment to the 12-month follow-up. Negative values indicate weight loss.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=7 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=6 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Percent Weight Change
8.91 percent change
Standard Deviation 6.37
2.11 percent change
Standard Deviation 7.59

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At post-treatment after the 12-week treatment

Loss-of-control eating frequency is a continuous variable of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Loss-of-control eating frequency will be based on the past 28 days and defined as loss-of-control eating episodes per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=12 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Frequency
2.64 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 3.50
1.08 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 1.93

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Loss-of-control eating frequency is a continuous variable of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Loss-of-control eating frequency will be based on the past 28 days and defined as loss-of-control eating episodes per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=9 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=8 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Frequency
8.78 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 15.23
1.38 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 3.50

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Loss-of-control eating frequency is a continuous variable of loss-of-control eating episodes assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview; Loss-of-control eating frequency will be based on the past 28 days and defined as loss-of-control eating episodes per month.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=7 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=6 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Loss-of-control Eating Frequency
4.86 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 4.02
0.00 episodes per the past 28 days
Standard Deviation 0.00

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At post-treatment after the 12-week treatment

Eating-disorder psychopathology is a continuous variable as assessed by the global score of the Eating Disorder Examination/Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Scores range from 0-6 (0=no eating-disorder psychopathology; 6=severe eating-disorder psychopathology).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=12 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Eating Disorder Psychopathology
0.94 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.74
0.91 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.64

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Eating-disorder psychopathology is a continuous variable as assessed by the global score of the Eating Disorder Examination/Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Scores range from 0-6 (0=no eating-disorder psychopathology; 6=severe eating-disorder psychopathology).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=9 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=8 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Eating Disorder Psychopathology
1.24 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.70
0.78 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.77

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Eating-disorder psychopathology is a continuous variable as assessed by the global score of the Eating Disorder Examination/Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Scores range from 0-6 (0=no eating-disorder psychopathology; 6=severe eating-disorder psychopathology).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=7 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=6 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Eating Disorder Psychopathology
1.23 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.85
0.57 scores on a scale ranging from 0-6
Standard Deviation 0.49

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At post-treatment after the 12-week treatment

Depressive symptoms is a continuous variable of depressive symptomatology as assessed by the self-report measure, the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9. Scores range from 0-27 (0=no depressive symptoms, 27=greater depressive symptoms).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=12 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Depressive Symptoms
1.91 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 1.70
2.42 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 3.06

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Depressive symptoms is a continuous variable of depressive symptomatology as assessed by the self-report measure, the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9. Scores range from 0-27 (0=no depressive symptoms, 27=greater depressive symptoms).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=9 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=8 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Depressive Symptoms
4.67 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 4.30
1.25 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 2.19

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month follow-up after the end of treatment

Depressive symptoms is a continuous variable of depressive symptomatology as assessed by the self-report measure, the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9. Scores range from 0-27 (0=no depressive symptoms, 27=greater depressive symptoms).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=7 Participants
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=6 Participants
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Depressive Symptoms
7.00 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 6.32
1.00 scores on a scale ranging from 0-27
Standard Deviation 1.26

Adverse Events

Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 9 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Placebo

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Naltrexone+Bupropion Medication
n=11 participants at risk
NB medication will be taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Placebo
n=13 participants at risk
Placebo will be inactive and taken daily in pill form for twelve weeks.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal Pain
18.2%
2/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
27.3%
3/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cold
18.2%
2/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
15.4%
2/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
54.5%
6/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Depression
0.00%
0/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
General disorders
Dizziness
9.1%
1/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
General disorders
Dry Mouth
27.3%
3/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Nervous system disorders
Fatigue
9.1%
1/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
General disorders
Headache
9.1%
1/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Nervous system disorders
Hot Flush
36.4%
4/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
General disorders
Insomnia
36.4%
4/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
0.00%
0/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sinusitis
0.00%
0/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
7.7%
1/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
Nervous system disorders
Tingling Sensation Back of Legs
9.1%
1/11 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks
0.00%
0/13 • From enrollment until end of treatment, up to 12 weeks

Additional Information

Carlos M. Grilo, PhD

Yale School of Medicine

Phone: 203-785-2792

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place