Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Study of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy to Antidepressants in Adult and Elderly Participants With Major Depressive Disorder With Insomnia Symptoms Who Have Responded Inadequately to Antidepressant and Long-term Safety Extension Treatment With Seltorexant (NCT NCT04533529)

A Study of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy to Antidepressants in Adult and Elderly Participants With Major Depressive Disorder With Insomnia Symptoms Who Have Responded Inadequately to Antidepressant and Long-term Safety Extension Treatment With Seltorexant

The MADRS is a clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant intervention. Scale has 10 items(apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts) each of which was scored from 0 (not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms). MADRS total score is sum of scores from individual question items, which ranged from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicates more severe condition. Negative changes in MADRS total score indicates improvement.

An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participants administered a medicinal (investigational or non-investigational) product. An AE does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the study drug. Treatment emergent AEs was defined as any AE occurred at or after the initial administration of study intervention through the day of last dose plus 2 days.

AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participants administered a medicinal (investigational or non-investigational) product. An AE does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the study drug. Treatment emergent AEs was defined as any AE occurred at or after the initial administration of study intervention through the day of last dose plus 2 days. The AEs considered to be of special interest: cataplexy, sleep paralysis, complex, sleep-related behaviors/parasomnias such as confusional arousals, somnambulism, sleep terrors, bruxism, sleep sex, sleep-related eating disorder, and catathrenia, fall, motor vehicle accident.

Change from baseline in vital signs: systolic/diastolic blood pressure were reported. Blood pressure measurements were assessed with the participant in a sitting position using a completely automated device.

Change from baseline in BMI were reported.

Change from baseline in vital signs: temperature were reported.

Change from baseline in vital signs: pulse rate were reported. Pulse rate measurements were assessed with the participant in a sitting position using a completely automated device.

Change from baseline in weight was reported.

Change from baseline in waist circumference were reported.

C-SSRS is a clinician-rated instrument that reports severity and frequency of suicide-related ideation and behaviors. Suicidal ideation was classified on a 5-item scale: 1 (wish to be dead), 2 (non-specific active suicidal thoughts), 3 (suicidal ideation without plan and intent), 4 (suicidal ideation intent to act without plan), and 5 (suicidal ideation with plan and intent), Suicidal behavior is classified on a 5-item scale: 6 (preparatory acts or behavior), 7 (aborted attempt), 8 (interrupted attempt), 9 (actual attempt), and 10 (suicide). Total score from 10 categories was summarized into 3 categories: No suicidal ideation or behavior(0), suicidal ideation (1-5), suicidal behavior (6-10). Total score ranged from 0 to 10, higher total scores indicate more suicidal ideation and/or suicidal behavior. Categories with at least 1 non-zero data values are reported.

The PWC-20 was a simple and accurate method used to assess potential withdrawal symptoms following cessation of treatment. The PWC-20 was a reliable and sensitive instrument for the assessment of discontinuation symptoms. The assessment has 20 items (loss of appetite, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety-nervousness, irritability, dysphoric mood-depression, insomnia, fatigue, poor coordination, restlessness, diaphoresis, tremor, dizziness, headaches, muscle aches or stiffness, weakness, increased acuity sound smell touch, paresthesia, difficulty concentrating-remember, depersonalization-derealization) evaluated to detect withdrawal symptoms. Symptoms are rated on a scale: 0-3, 0 =not present, 1=mild, 2 =moderate, and 3 =severe. The total PWC-20 score was the sum of 20 item scores and ranged from 0 to 60. The higher score indicates more severe symptoms.

The PWC-20 was a simple and accurate method used to assess potential withdrawal symptoms following cessation of treatment. The PWC-20 was a reliable and sensitive instrument for the assessment of discontinuation symptoms. The assessment has 20 items (loss of appetite, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety-nervousness, irritability, dysphoric mood-depression, insomnia, fatigue, poor coordination, restlessness, diaphoresis, tremor, dizziness, headaches, muscle aches or stiffness, weakness, increased acuity sound smell touch, paresthesia, difficulty concentrating-remember, depersonalization-derealization) evaluated to detect withdrawal symptoms. Symptoms are rated on a scale: 0-3, 0 =not present, 1=mild, 2 =moderate, and 3 =severe. The total PWC-20 score was the sum of 20 item scores and ranged from 0 to 60. The higher score indicates more severe symptoms.

The PWC-20 was a simple and accurate method used to assess potential withdrawal symptoms following cessation of treatment. The PWC-20 was a reliable and sensitive instrument for the assessment of discontinuation symptoms. The assessment has 20 items (loss of appetite, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety-nervousness, irritability, dysphoric mood-depression, insomnia, fatigue, poor coordination, restlessness, diaphoresis, tremor, dizziness, headaches, muscle aches or stiffness, weakness, increased acuity sound smell touch, paresthesia, difficulty concentrating-remember, depersonalization-derealization)evaluated to detect withdrawal symptoms. Symptoms are rated on a scale: 0-3, 0 =not present, 1=mild, 2 =moderate, and 3 =severe. The total PWC-20 score was the sum of 20 item scores and ranged from 0 to 60. The higher score indicates more severe symptoms.

Number of participants with ECG abnormalities during OL treatment phase was reported. ECG abnormalities were assessed as per investigator's discretion.

Laboratory parameters: hematology (platelet count, red blood cell \[RBC\] count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils (Segmented/Leukocytes), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils/leukocytes \[Eos/Leu\], basophils, Reticulocytes/ Erythrocytes \[Reti/Ery\]); chemistry (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, creatinine, Creatine Kinase, glucose, aspartate transaminase \[AST\], alanine transaminase \[ALT\], gamma-glutamyl transferase \[GGT\], alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, phosphate, albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Triglycerides); urine (specific gravity, pH, glucose, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, RBC). Clinically significant abnormalities (low/high) were determined at the investigator's discretion. Only those categories in which at least one participant had data were reported in this outcome measure.

ASEX is a five-item rating scale that quantifies sex drive, arousal, vaginal lubrication/penile erection, ability to reach orgasm, and satisfaction from orgasm. Each of the 5 items is rated on a 6-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 6. The 5 items are summed to create a total score, ranging from 5 to 30, with the higher scores indicating more sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is defined as an ASEX total score of 19 or greater, or a score of 5 or greater on any item, or a score of 4 or greater on any 3 items.

The MADRS was a clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant treatment. MADRS-WOSI was defined as the full MADRS without the sleep item. The MADRS-WOSI scale consisted of 9 items, each of which was scored from 0 (item not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms). MADRS-WOSI total score was the sum of scores from individual question items, which ranged from 0 to 54, higher scores represented a more severe condition. The MADRS-WOSI evaluated apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts. Negative change in MADRS total score indicated improvement.

PROMIS-SD Short Form 8a is a static 8-item questionnaire, assessed self-perceptions of sleep initiation (2 items), quality of sleep (3 items), early morning feelings (2 items), worrying about sleep (1 item). Each question has five response options ranging in value from 1 to 5. Direction of responses was not same, sometimes "not at all" represents more sleep disturbance; sometimes "not at all" indicates less sleep disturbance. Total raw score for short form with all questions answered was sum of values of response to each question, total score ranged 8 to 40. Lower scores indicate less sleep disturbance. Total raw score converted into T-score. T-score rescaled the raw score into standardized score with mean: 50; standard deviation: 10. Negative changes in scores indicates improvement. Higher values represent more severe sleep disturbance.

The 6-item MADRS was a clinician-administered scale designed to measure the core symptoms of depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant intervention. It is a subset of MADRS (10-item). The MADRS-6 subscale score was the sum of scores for the following MADRS items: apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, lassitude, inability to feel, and pessimistic thoughts. Each item is scored from 0 (item not present or normal) to 6 (most severe or continuous presence of symptoms); the overall score ranges from 0 to 36, higher scores represented a more severe condition. Negative change in score indicates improvement.

Percentage of participants with response on depressive symptoms scale based on MADRS total score at Day 43 were reported. Responders were defined as participants with a \>=50 percent (%) improvement in the MADRS total score from baseline to a given timepoint. The MADRS is a clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant intervention. Scale has 10 items(apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts) each of which was scored from 0 (not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms). MADRS total score is sum of scores from individual question items, which ranged from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicates more severe condition. Negative changes in MADRS total score indicates improvement.

The PHQ-9 was a 9-item, participant reported outcome measure to assess depressive symptoms. The scale scores each of the 9 symptom domains of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-5th edition (DSM-5) MDD criteria. Each item was rated on a 4 points scale (0=not at all, 1=several days, 2=more than half the days, and 3=nearly every day). The participant's item responses were summed to provide a total score (range of 0 to 27), with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. The severity of the PHQ-9 is categorized as follows: none-minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), moderately severe (15-19) and severe (20-27). Negative changes in PHQ-9 total score indicated improvement.

MADRS was a clinician-administered scale designed to measure depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant treatment. The MADRS evaluates the following 10 items: apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts. Each item is scored from 0 (item not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of the symptoms). MADRS total score was sum of scores from individual question items, which ranged from 0-60. Higher scores represented a more severe condition. Negative change in MADRS total score indicated improvement.

The CGI-S (depression) provided an overall clinician-determined summary measure of severity of the participant's illness that considers all available information, included knowledge of participant's history, psychosocial circumstances, symptoms, behavior, impact of symptoms on participant's ability to function. CGI-S evaluated severity of psychopathology on a scale of 1 to 7. The CGI-S was 7-point global assessment scale that measures clinician's impression of severity of illness, rating: 1=normal (not at all ill), 2=borderline ill, 3=mildly ill, 4=moderately ill, 5=markedly ill, 6=severely ill, 7=among the most extremely ill participants, with higher scores indicate worsening. Negative changes in CGI-S score indicate improvement.

The MADRS was a clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity and detected changes due to antidepressant treatment. MADRS-WOSI was defined as the full MADRS without the sleep item. The MADRS-WOSI scale consisted of 9 items, each of which was scored from 0 (item not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms). MADRS-WOSI total score was the sum of scores from individual question items, which ranged from 0 to 54, higher scores represented a more severe condition. The MADRS-WOSI evaluated apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties, lassitude, inability to feel, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts. Negative change in MADRS total score indicated improvement.

PROMIS-SD Short Form 8a is a static 8-item questionnaire, assessed self-perceptions of sleep initiation (2 items), quality of sleep (3 items), early morning feelings (2 items), worrying about sleep (1 item). Each question has five response options ranging in value from one to five. Direction of responses was not same, sometimes "not at all" represents more sleep disturbance; sometimes "not at all" indicates less sleep disturbance. Total raw score for short form with all questions answered was sum of values of response to each question, total score ranged 8 to 40. Lower scores indicate less sleep disturbance. Total raw score converted into T-score. T-score rescaled the raw score into standardized score with mean:50; standard deviation:10. Negative changes in scores indicates improvement. Higher values represent more severe sleep disturbance.