Trial Outcomes & Findings for Neuromodulation and Yoga for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Pain (NCT NCT04517604)

NCT ID: NCT04517604

Last Updated: 2025-07-16

Results Overview

For feasibility, we will track the number of iTBS+yoga sessions completed and compute completion percentage rates for each participant as a metric of feasibility.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

19 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Endpoint - after last iTBS+yoga session, approximately 6 weeks

Results posted on

2025-07-16

Participant Flow

We recruited treatment-seeking Veterans from Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital Recruitment Period: 6/2021 to 6/2023 Types of Location: Suburban VA Hospital and associated relevant clinics such as the Polytrauma/TBI clinic.

Participants were screened over the phone with a delimited set of measures but more in-depth screening for full eligibility criteria occurred after consent/enrollment. Thus, only enrolled participants meeting full eligibility criteria were allowed to move forward and assigned to receive the treatment intervention.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
iTBS+Yoga
Participants will receive 6 sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and the LoveYourBrain Yoga program. The LoveYourBrain Yoga program was specifically designed for people with TBI. Magventure MagProx100 with MagOption: The Magventure C-B60 butterfly coil will be used for single-pulse TMS to determine motor threshold. iTBS will be delivered utilizing the MagVentrure MagPro X100 with MagOption stimulator that includes active and placebo coils (C-B65 Butterfly coils) or active-only Cool-B65 Butterfly (figure 8) coil. Only the active setting will be used.
Overall Study
STARTED
19
Overall Study
COMPLETED
10
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
9

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

All participants that completed baseline assessments are included which is an n=14.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Open Label iTBS+Yoga
n=19 Participants
All patients received individual approximately 3-minute iTBS session followed by a 90-minute group LoveYourBrain yoga session. iTBS+yoga sessions occurred once a week for 6 weeks.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
19 Participants
n=19 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Age, Continuous
43.1 years
n=19 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · cisgender men
13 Participants
n=19 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · cisgender women
5 Participants
n=19 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · transgender men
1 Participants
n=19 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · transgender women
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants
n=19 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
15 Participants
n=19 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
1 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
7 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
9 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
2 Participants
n=19 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
19 Participants
n=19 Participants
Brief Pain Inventory - Pain Severity
5.59 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.36 • n=14 Participants • All participants that completed baseline assessments are included which is an n=14.
Brief Pain Inventory - Pain Interference
4.24 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.80 • n=14 Participants • All participants who completed baseline measures are included which is an n=14.
Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) - Total
39.3 T-Score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.03 • n=14 Participants • All participants who participated in baseline assessments are reported which is an n=14.
Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) - Ability
39.7 T-Score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.87 • n=14 Participants • All participants who completed baseline assessments are included which is an n=14.
Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) - Participation
31.5 T-Score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.6 • n=14 Participants • All participants who completed baseline assessments which is an n=14 are included.
Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) - Adjustment
46.7 T-Score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.49 • n=14 Participants • All participants that completed baseline assessments are included which is an n=14.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Endpoint - after last iTBS+yoga session, approximately 6 weeks

Population: 14 participants initiated iTBS+yoga treatment sessions and could possibly complete 6 total number of intervention sessions. Thus total number of possible sessions is 14 x 6 = 84

For feasibility, we will track the number of iTBS+yoga sessions completed and compute completion percentage rates for each participant as a metric of feasibility.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
iTBS+Yoga
n=84 number of sessions
Participants will receive 6 sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and the LoveYourBrain Yoga program. The LoveYourBrain Yoga program was specifically designed for people with TBI. Magventure MagProx100 with MagOption: The Magventure C-B60 butterfly coil will be used for single-pulse TMS to determine motor threshold. iTBS will be delivered utilizing the MagVentrure MagPro X100 with MagOption stimulator that includes active and placebo coils (C-B65 Butterfly coils) or active-only Cool-B65 Butterfly (figure 8) coil. Only the active setting will be used.
Session Completion Rate
60 number of sessions

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Endpoint (after last iTBS+yoga treatment, approximately 6 weeks)

Population: Analysis completed on the 10 iTBS+yoga treatment completers

The Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index is a TBI Common Data Element assessment of function and participation. It includes 35 items each scored on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 meaning no problems (better), and 4 meaning severe problems (worse). Minimum (best) score would be 0 and maximum (worst) score would be 140.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
iTBS+Yoga
n=10 Participants
Participants will receive 6 sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and the LoveYourBrain Yoga program. The LoveYourBrain Yoga program was specifically designed for people with TBI. Magventure MagProx100 with MagOption: The Magventure C-B60 butterfly coil will be used for single-pulse TMS to determine motor threshold. iTBS will be delivered utilizing the MagVentrure MagPro X100 with MagOption stimulator that includes active and placebo coils (C-B65 Butterfly coils) or active-only Cool-B65 Butterfly (figure 8) coil. Only the active setting will be used.
Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index - Total
35.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Endpoint (after last iTBS+yoga treatment, approximately 6 weeks)

Population: Analysis completed on the 10 iTBS+yoga treatment completers

The Brief Pain Inventory is a self-report measure of pain symptoms throughout the body. It has 4 main items and each item is scored on a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 meaning no pain (better), and 10 meaning pain as bad as you can imagine (worse). Minimum (best) score would be 0 and maximum (worst) score would be 40.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
iTBS+Yoga
n=10 Participants
Participants will receive 6 sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and the LoveYourBrain Yoga program. The LoveYourBrain Yoga program was specifically designed for people with TBI. Magventure MagProx100 with MagOption: The Magventure C-B60 butterfly coil will be used for single-pulse TMS to determine motor threshold. iTBS will be delivered utilizing the MagVentrure MagPro X100 with MagOption stimulator that includes active and placebo coils (C-B65 Butterfly coils) or active-only Cool-B65 Butterfly (figure 8) coil. Only the active setting will be used.
Brief Pain Inventory - Pain Severity
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5

Adverse Events

Open Label iTBS+Yoga

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Open Label iTBS+Yoga
n=19 participants at risk
All patients received individual approximately 3-minute iTBS session followed by a 90-minute group LoveYourBrain yoga session. iTBS+yoga sessions occurred once a week for 6 weeks.
Nervous system disorders
headache
15.8%
3/19 • Number of events 3 • 6 weeks
Safety data on safety indicators was collected at each iTBS session including the following: hypertension, hypotension, heart rate, oxygen saturation, sleep, fatigue medication changes, seizure, headache/neck pain, fever, fainting, scalp/skin breakdown, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and contraindicated substance use. Adverse event reporting logs were completed and reported to the IRB.

Additional Information

Dr. Amy Herrold

Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital

Phone: 708-202-5867

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place