Impact of Perceived Control on Operational Strain: a Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Caregivers and Military Personnel on Operational Missions

Summary

Stress is underpinned by a biological reaction of the organism allowing the production of energy to respond to a change in the environment (or stressor). Stress reaction is expressed in behavioural, cognitive, emotional and physiological terms. This biological response is non-specific because it is the same regardless of the stressor. Its evolution over time has been conceptualised by Hans Selye (1956) in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) which comprises three successive phases. (i) The first phase, known as the alarm phase, corresponds to the activation of all biological mechanisms according to a trend regulation, allowing a rapid response to the stressor. (ii) The second phase of resistance which adjusts the stress response to the intensity of the perceived aggression according to a constant regulation. (iii) When the aggression disappears, a recovery phase dominated by the return of the parasympathetic brake allows a return to homeostasis (eustress).

The "primum movens" of all pathologies is therefore the inability of the individual to adapt his stress response in duration and/or intensity to the course of the phases of the GAS (distress). The perception of not being in control of the situation contributes to the perceived stress and constitutes a well-established risk of distress. It is a risk factor for the emergence of burnout. It induces a biological cost called allostatic cost. Allostasis is a concept that characterizes the process of restoring homeostasis in the presence of a physiological challenge. The term "allostasis" means "achieving stability through change", and refers in part to the process of increasing sympathetic activity and corticotropic axis to promote adaptation and restore homeostasis. Allostasis works well when allostasis systems are initiated when needed and turned off when they are no longer required. Restoring homeostasis involves effective functioning of the parasympathetic system. However, when the allostasis systems remain active, such as during chronic stress, they can cause tissue burnout and accelerate pathophysiological processes.

The perception of uncontrollability depends on the stress situation, the psychological and physiological characteristics of the subject and his or her technical skills in responding to the stressors of the situation. In particular, subjects with a high level of mindfulness are more accepting of uncontrollability and less likely to activate the stress response.

The COVID-19 pandemic situation is a situation characterized by many uncertainties about the individual, family and work environment and the risk of COVID infection. Healthcare workers, like the military, are high-risk occupations that are particularly exposed to these uncertainties in the course of their work and continue to work in an uncertain situation. These professionals are described as a population at risk of occupational/operational burnout that the level of burnout operationalises. This ancillary study in a population of civilian and military non-healthcare workers will complement the study conducted among military health care workers. It will make it possible to isolate the specificity of each profession (civilian or military, healthcare personnel or not) with regard to the risk of burnout in the COVID context.

The objective of this project is to evaluate the impact of the perception of non-control in the operational burnout of experts in their field of practice and to study the psychological and physiological mechanisms mediating the relationship between the subject's characteristics, perceived non-control and burnout.

Conditions

• Covid19
• SARS-CoV Infection
• Burnout, Caregiver
• Burnout, Professional

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Assessment of work-related stress

Assessment of burnout, mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, coping flexibility and sleep through questionnaires.

BIOLOGICAL

Saliva sample collection

Saliva sample is collected before and after emotional stimulation in order to measure resting-state allostatic load biomarkers: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol and chromogranin A levels

DEVICE

Cardiac and electrodermal recordings

Electrocardiogram and electrodermal activity (tonic and phasic) is collected at rest and after emotional stimulation.

BEHAVIORAL

Assessment of behavioral response to emotional stimulation

Emotional stimulation involves asking the participants to remember a recent event related to the COVID-19 crisis that has been emotionally difficult for them. Perceived stress, situational awareness and emotions is assessed after emotional stimulation through questionnaires.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Direction Centrale du Service de Santé des Armées

  lead OTHER

Eligibility

Min Age

18 Years

Max Age

60 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2020-09-14

Primary Completion

2022-03-31

Completion

2022-03-31

Countries

• France

Study Locations