Trial Outcomes & Findings for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Improve Work and Wellness in Veterans With Mental Illness (NCT NCT04504903)

NCT ID: NCT04504903

Last Updated: 2026-04-01

Results Overview

Mean number of weeks worked in competitive jobs. Competitive jobs are regular jobs open to all that pay at least minimum wage. More total weeks worked in competitive jobs is indicative of a positive outcome.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

294 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline to 3 months

Results posted on

2026-04-01

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Provider
Vocational Rehabilitation provider participants
Overall Study
STARTED
136
136
22
Overall Study
COMPLETED
133
134
22
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
2
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Provider Participants
n=22 Participants
Vocational rehabilitation providers
Total
n=294 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
47.455882352941 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.508289190570 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
49.566176470588 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.266003729599 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
48.54 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.33 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Sex: Female, Male
Female
34 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
25 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
59 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Sex: Female, Male
Male
102 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
111 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
213 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
9 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
13 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
131 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
127 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
258 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
2 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
5 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
3 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
4 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
51 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
49 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
100 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
73 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
72 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
145 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
5 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
9 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
14 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Martial Status
Not Married
93 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
93 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
186 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Martial Status
Married
23 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
23 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
46 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Martial Status
Separated
16 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
16 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
32 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Martial Status
Widowed/Widower
4 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
4 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
8 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
Some College
40 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
40 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
80 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
High School/GED
31 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
31 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
62 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
Bachelors Degree
24 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
24 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
48 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
Associates Degree
18 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
18 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
36 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
Masters and Above
15 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
15 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
30 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Education
Technical School or Certification
8 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
8 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
16 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Group Setting
19 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
19 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
38 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Homeless (in Shelter)
5 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
5 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
10 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Live Alone
53 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
53 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
106 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Supported Housing
4 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
4 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
8 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Live with a Friend
8 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
8 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
16 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Live with Family
31 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
31 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
62 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Live with Partner/Spouse
16 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
16 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
32 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Housing History
Other
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Weeks Enrolled in Vocational Services at Baseline
27.338235294117 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 52.209438707920 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
26.375 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 57.580981621056 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
26.8566176 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 58.027063219468 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
VA Service Connected Disability
43.926470588235 Percentage
STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.536131126958 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
33.823529411764 Percentage
STANDARD_DEVIATION 38.778742239443 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
39 Percentage
STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.558472256556 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
SSI and/or SSDI Receipt
29 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
31 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
60 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Combat Experience
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Time Since Military Separation
1138.9117647058 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 717.57101050685 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1268.0955882352 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 689.89916470588 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1206.5144927536 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 701.12374460129 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Months of Military Service
66.632352941176 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 53.542756721947 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
66.911764705882 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 55.299249286744 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
66.663043478260 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 53.974123869043 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Military Branch
Army
66 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
66 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
132 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Military Branch
Navy
26 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
26 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
52 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Military Branch
Marines
25 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
25 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
50 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Military Branch
Air Force
18 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
18 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
36 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Military Branch
other (not identified)
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Diagnosis
Depression
57 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
57 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
114 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Diagnosis
PTSD
53 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
53 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
106 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Diagnosis
Bipolar Disorders
19 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
19 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
38 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Diagnosis
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
7 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7 Participants
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
14 Participants
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Age at First Hospitalization
32.771084337349 Age in Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.714813044677 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
32.458823529411 Age in Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.148920778796 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
32.587209302325 Age in Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.825799078070 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Lifetime Psychiatric Hospitalizations
2.3235294117647 Psychiatric Hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3031123154210 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.3897058823529 Psychiatric Hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1860175864238 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.3659420289855 Psychiatric Hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7533208835388 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Months Since Last Psychiatric Hospitalization
95.620481927710 Months Since Last Hospitalization
STANDARD_DEVIATION 242.61233996275 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
73.717647058823 Months Since Last Hospitalization
STANDARD_DEVIATION 97.695544052587 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
84.816860465116 Months Since Last Hospitalization
STANDARD_DEVIATION 183.24132429786 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Substance Use History
0 Use Illicit Drugs
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Use Illicit Drugs
n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0 Use Illicit Drugs
n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Number of Alcoholic Drinks per Week
2.0735294117647 Alcoholic Drinks per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5046971493080 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.5147058823529 Alcoholic Drinks per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8180570861177 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.8478260869565 Alcoholic Drinks per Week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9895693260419 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Number of Felony Convictions
0.5882352941176 Number of Felony Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4425830137756 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.4779411764705 Number of Felony Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3822521170295 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.5434782608695 Number of Felony Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4276213667490 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Number of Misdemeanors
1.2573529411764 Number of Misdemeanors
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3975182339071 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.6911764705882 Number of Misdemeanors
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4004677366337 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.6376811594202 Number of Misdemeanors
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1348928164373 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Total Convictions
1.8455882352941 Total Felony and Misdemeanor Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3530056753342 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.1691176470588 Total Felony and Misdemeanor Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1643196003915 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.0125 Total Felony and Misdemeanor Convictions
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.9267145715007 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Length of Employment
63.34375 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 94.852554295873 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
74.392857142857 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 176.64849786777 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
67.426229508196 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 137.08129692709 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Weeks Worked 6 Months Prior to Baseline
4.4926470588235 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1594891686199 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.3529411764705 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9017385914040 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.8768115942029 Weeks
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5045039605660 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Longest Held Civilian Job
99.301470588235 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 103.40186400303 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
119.64444444444 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 142.84275179824 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
109.13454545454 Months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 123.94857100753 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Average Hours Worked per Week
36.15 Hours
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.423208636375 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
35.166666666666 Hours
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6137833545286 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
35.78125 Hours
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.178072242698 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Average Hourly Wage
19.659411764705 US Dollars
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.810181767540 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
17.062857142857 US Dollars
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8919991190719 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
18.902083333333 US Dollars
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.121010853092 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale
161.99264705882 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.346442522258 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
161.38235294117 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.621794806894 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
161.53260869565 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.419456646432 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Short Employment Hope Scale - Psychological Empowerment subscale
7.7904411764705 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7802062491515 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7.9093137254902 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7336974507224 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7.8327272727272 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7713188861624 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Short Employment Hope - Goal Oriented Pathways subscale
7.4503676470588 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6853315568240 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7.3878676470588 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.9098477380024 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
7.4163636363636 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8004473933417 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI-21)
0.2290909090909 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8251681375386 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.2058823529411 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7804808305124 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.217486631 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8776764233699 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Veterans RAND 12 item Health Survey - Physical Component Summary
43.779037226807 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.867695837903 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
44.716694505678 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.432491429272 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
44.286843391234 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.204819816004 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Veterans RAND 12 item Health Survey - Mental Component Summary
38.320031279666 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.020984989464 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
38.611408690548 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.860405702093 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
38.46572 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.922004636528 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Depression
2.0367647058823 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1541107735221 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.8823529411764 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1804507835092 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.9654545454545 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1634987165602 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Anger
1.7867647058823 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2317292164859 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.6691176470588 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2826774488968 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.7272727272727 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2506136516288 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Mania
1.1727941176470 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0600116639305 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.0110294117647 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9840711201427 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.0890909090909 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0226758816255 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Anxiety
1.9558823529411 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0421636432478 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.8529411764705 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1651769719394 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.9006060606060 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1025203543497 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Somatic Symptoms
1.4926470588235 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2678142376454 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.3272058823529 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2507459647784 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.4018181818181 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2554248574331 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Suicidal Ideation
0.3676470588235 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8503491529467 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.2647058823529 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5992006294518 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.3127272727272 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7327217896096 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Psychosis
0.2977941176470 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6704853865631 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.4191176470588 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9072150878850 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.3690909090909 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8245486992281 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Sleep Problems
2.2352941176470 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4668449089553 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.0735294117647 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5852671369283 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.16 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5198924280029 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Memory
1.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3263707095903 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.3823529411764 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3225050502146 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3233445794321 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Repetitive Thoughts and Behaviors
1.2389705882352 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1352384506654 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.1801470588235 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0931991687967 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.2127272727272 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1128077439447 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Dissociation
1.0147058823529 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1673667367366 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.0955882352941 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2464983633902 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.0581818181818 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2068374108240 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Personality Functioning
1.5845588235294 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1730857489083 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.5955882352941 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1949193462358 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
1.5927272727272 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1882721531786 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Cross-cutting Symptom Measure - Substance Use
0.7254901960784 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8538292857977 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.7499999999999 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8737130453396 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
0.7345454545454 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8606464034707 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - Confidence and Hope
3.8439542483660 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6678150159732 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.8504901960784 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6439729616953 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.84722222 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6552871576389 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - Willingness to Ask for Help
3.9166666666666 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8391157407279 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9975490196078 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7756545872561 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9577294685990 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8076807035393 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - Goal and Success Orientation
4.25 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6299911815961 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
4.25 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5759372393791 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
4.25 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6047175104601 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - Reliance on Others
3.9944852941176 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7760696989059 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9338235294117 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6953784568543 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9574275362318 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7423850349949 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - No Domination by Symptoms
3.0661764705882 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0342448014702 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
2.9656862745098 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9756537635244 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.0108695652173 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0063849739807 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
Recovery Assessment Scale - Mean
3.9510401721664 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4962546956648 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9361549497847 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4541901172413 • n=136 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.
3.9398197242842 Score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4736452840593 • n=272 Participants • Provider participants (n=22) arm did not have baseline characteristics collected.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 3 months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for the provider participants arm.

Mean number of weeks worked in competitive jobs. Competitive jobs are regular jobs open to all that pay at least minimum wage. More total weeks worked in competitive jobs is indicative of a positive outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Total Weeks Worked in Competitive Jobs
7.07 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 3.36
4.86 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 2.99

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 to 6 Months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for the provider participants arm.

Mean number of weeks worked in competitive jobs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Total Weeks Worked in Competitive Jobs
8.47 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 4.00
8.1 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 3.76

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 to 9 months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for provider participants arm.

Mean number of weeks worked in competitive jobs.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Total Weeks Worked in Competitive Jobs
9.97 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 3.39
8.36 Weeks Worked
Standard Deviation 4.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline to 9 months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for provider participants arm.

The Short Employment Hope Scale (EHS-14) measures employment hope, defined as the psychological construct characterized by possession of work-related empowerment and motivation for the future, envisionment of meaningful and satisfying employment, job-based goal orientation, and progress toward employment using skills and resources. The EHS-14 is comprised of two subscales-Psychological Empowerment and Goal-oriented pathways (7 items each). The EHS-14 is made up of a total of 14 items scored on a 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum) scale with total scores comprised of a mean of all 14 items. Higher scores indicate better (increased) employment hope and lower scores indicate worse (decreased) employment hope.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Short Employment Hope Scale (EHS-14)
7.60 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.61
7.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.71

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline to 9 months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for provider participants arm.

The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) measures subjective mental health recovery. The RAS consists of 41 items and an overall score is calculated using a mean of all items, with scores ranging from 1 (maximum) to 5 (minimum). Higher RAS scores indicate better (increased) subjective recovery with lower RAS scores indicating worse (decreased) subjective recovery. This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for provider participants arm.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS)
3.95 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .50
3.94 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .45

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline to 9 months

Population: This outcome was only examined for patient participants and not for provider participants arm.

Outcome measure is a 21-item interviewer rated measure of a continuum of suicidal ideation, including thoughts, attitudes, plans, and behaviors. Total scores range from 0 to 42 with higher scores indicating more suicidal ideation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 Participants
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Scale for Suicidal Ideation Change
.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .88
.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .78

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks (during the CBTw intervention period)

Population: Vocational Rehabilitation Providers who delivered the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention during the study period.

Fidelity to the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Work Success (CBTw) model was measured using the Cognitive Therapy Scale-Revised. The Cognitive Therapy Scale-Revised is comprised of 8 items gauging core components of the CBTw intervention and overall fidelity is measured as a mean of the 8 items. Total fidelity scores range from 0 (minimum) to 6 (maximum) with higher scores indicating greater adherence and proficiency to the CBTw model. Scores of 3 or higher indicate adequate fidelity in which the CBTw intervention is considered delivered as intended. Fidelity was only measured for provider participants and was not measured for participants in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Work Success and Psychoeducation arms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=22 Participants
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Work Success (CBTw) Fidelity
5.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.45

Adverse Events

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Psychoeducation (Control Group)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw)
n=136 participants at risk
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Work Success (CBTw): Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn healthy thinking about work, positive behavioral coping related to work, and will form a work success plan based on their work goals.
Psychoeducation (Control Group)
n=136 participants at risk
Psychoeducation: Veterans will go to 12 weekly group sessions and will learn more information about their mental health conditions. Psychoeducation modules are from the Illness Management and Recovery program.
Psychiatric disorders
Substance Use Relapse
0.74%
1/136 • Number of events 1 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).
0.00%
0/136 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).
Psychiatric disorders
Suicidal Ideation
0.74%
1/136 • Number of events 1 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).
0.00%
0/136 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric Hospitalization
0.00%
0/136 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).
0.74%
1/136 • Number of events 1 • baseline to 9 month follow up
Adverse event data was not collected for provider participants (n=22).

Additional Information

Dr. Marina Kukla

Department of Veterans Affairs

Phone: 317-478-4750

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place