Trial Outcomes & Findings for DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial (NCT NCT04485130)

NCT ID: NCT04485130

Last Updated: 2023-09-13

Results Overview

Change in plasma inflammatory biomarker levels (e.g., IL-6, IL-1b) at days 5, 15, and 31.

Recruitment status

TERMINATED

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

11 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Day 0 and Day 31

Results posted on

2023-09-13

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Cohort 1 - Disulfiram 1000 mg
Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Overall Study
STARTED
7
4
0
0
Overall Study
COMPLETED
7
4
0
0
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 1000 mg
n=7 Participants
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 Participants
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Total
n=11 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
7 Participants
n=99 Participants
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
11 Participants
n=31 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Age, Continuous
38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.5 • n=99 Participants
43.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=107 Participants
40 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 • n=31 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
7 Participants
n=31 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
2 Participants
n=99 Participants
2 Participants
n=107 Participants
4 Participants
n=31 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
3 Participants
n=99 Participants
1 Participants
n=107 Participants
4 Participants
n=31 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
4 Participants
n=99 Participants
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
7 Participants
n=31 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
1 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
1 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
9 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=99 Participants
0 Participants
n=107 Participants
0 Participants
n=31 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
7 participants
n=99 Participants
4 participants
n=107 Participants
11 participants
n=31 Participants
BMI
25.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=99 Participants
33.3 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=107 Participants
28.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 • n=31 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Population: The trial stopped early so we were unable to enroll for Cohort 2.

Change in plasma inflammatory biomarker levels (e.g., IL-6, IL-1b) at days 5, 15, and 31.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 100 mg
n=7 Participants
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 Participants
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Immunologic Impact of 5 Days of Disulfiram, as Measured by the Fold-change in Plasma Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines (e.g, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 1-beta, Etc.).
Change in IL-6 (pg/mL) Day 0 to 31
-0.1186 fold change
Interval -0.2012 to -0.0246
-0.0215 fold change
Interval -0.1202 to -0.0178
Immunologic Impact of 5 Days of Disulfiram, as Measured by the Fold-change in Plasma Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines (e.g, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 1-beta, Etc.).
Change in IL-1B (pg/mL) Day 0 to 31
-0.1402 fold change
Interval -0.2583 to 0.0648
0.0268 fold change
Interval -0.0438 to 0.0399

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Population: The trial stopped early so we were unable to enroll for Cohort 2.

Change in copies of SARS-CoV-2 PCR virus per mL between Baseline and Day 31.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 100 mg
n=7 Participants
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 Participants
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Virologic Impact of 5 Days of Disulfiram, as Measured by the Change in Copies of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Per mL Between Baseline and Day 31.
-20.89 copies/mL
Standard Deviation 9.84
-20 copies/mL
Standard Deviation 13.53

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Population: The trial stopped early so we were unable to enroll for Cohort 2.

The safety and tolerability of a 5 day course of disulfiram. The number of adverse events and their grade will be determined for each participant.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 100 mg
n=7 Participants
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 Participants
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Number of Participants With Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0
AE Grade 3 or Higher
0 Participants
1 Participants
Number of Participants With Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0
AE Grade 1 or 2
4 Participants
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 0 and Day 31

Population: The trial stopped early so we were unable to enroll for Cohort 2.

The severity of COVID-19 symptoms will be recorded on a 5-point symptom severity scale at each visit for each participant. A question about how much the symptoms bother the participants will be asked. The participant will rank 1 as "not at all," 2 as "a little bit," 3 as "somewhat," 4 as "quite a bit" and 5 as "very much." Higher values represent worse outcomes. Scales are combined to compute a total score at Day 0 and Day 31. A change of the median is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram 100 mg
n=7 Participants
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 Participants
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram 2000 mg
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Change in COVID-19 Symptom Severity Score as Assessed by a 5-point Adapted Somatic Symptom Severity Score (SSS-8)
-2.60 units on a scale
Interval -3.0 to 0.35
-2.14 units on a scale
Interval -3.37 to -0.59

Adverse Events

Cohort 1: Disulfiram

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Cohort 1: Placebo

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Cohort 2: Disulfiram

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Cohort 2: Placebo

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram
n=7 participants at risk
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 participants at risk
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Hospitalization
0.00%
0/7 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Cohort 1: Disulfiram
n=7 participants at risk
This study will provide disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving disulfiram will take 2 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 1: Placebo
n=4 participants at risk
This study will provide placebo comparator for disulfiram. Participants in Cohort 1 receiving placebo will take 2 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Disulfiram
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of disulfiram (each capsule contains 500 mg DSF plus 27.75 mg microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Cohort 2: Placebo
Participants in Cohort 2 receiving placebo will take 4 capsules of placebo (each capsule contains only microcrystalline cellulose powder) per day for a total of 5 consecutive days.
Renal and urinary disorders
Dehydration
14.3%
1/7 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0.00%
0/4 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Black stool and post viral cough syndrome
0.00%
0/7 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
General disorders
GI (nausea/vomiting), fever, chills, congestion, sore throat, back pain, muscle ache, headache
14.3%
1/7 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0.00%
0/4 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
General disorders
Smell and taste
14.3%
1/7 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0.00%
0/4 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
General disorders
Smell/taste, gas, back pain
14.3%
1/7 • Number of events 1 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0.00%
0/4 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.
0/0 • The total duration of the study was approximately 6 months from August 18, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Each participant was assessed for 31 days during the duration of their enrollment in the study. There was one serious adverse event that lasted 5 days from September 6, 2021 to September 11, 2021.
Systematic assessment through detailed questionnaires and principal investigator physical exam assessment was conducted at each visit.

Additional Information

Dr. Sulggi Lee

University of California, San Francisco

Phone: 415-735-5127

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place