Trial Outcomes & Findings for First Heroes: Engaging Fathers in the First 1000 Days (NCT NCT04477577)

Results Overview

Defined as an increase in weight-for-age z-score of \>0.67 units from birth to 6-months of infant age

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

657 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Birth to child age 6 months

Results posted on

2026-05-11

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Mothers New Parent Intervention - Mothers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control - Mothers Safety Control - Mothers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Infants New Parent Intervention - Infants: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Infants Safety Control - Infants: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Overall Study STARTED	113	114	113	114	93	101
Overall Study COMPLETED	84	87	74	76	79	88
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	29	27	39	38	14	13

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

First Heroes: Engaging Fathers in the First 1000 Days

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Mothers n=113 Participants New Parent Intervention - Mothers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control - Mothers n=114 Participants Safety Control- Mothers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=113 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control - Fathers n=114 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Infants n=93 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infants: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control - Infants n=101 Participants Safety Control- Infants: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	Total n=648 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=1054 Participants	93 Participants n=97 Participants	101 Participants n=488 Participants	194 Participants n=825 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	113 Participants n=44 Participants	114 Participants n=10 Participants	113 Participants n=30 Participants	114 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	454 Participants n=825 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	0 Participants n=825 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	113 Participants n=44 Participants	114 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=1054 Participants	49 Participants n=97 Participants	53 Participants n=488 Participants	329 Participants n=825 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	113 Participants n=30 Participants	114 Participants n=1054 Participants	44 Participants n=97 Participants	48 Participants n=488 Participants	319 Participants n=825 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	41 Participants n=44 Participants	37 Participants n=10 Participants	26 Participants n=30 Participants	28 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	132 Participants n=825 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	72 Participants n=44 Participants	77 Participants n=10 Participants	87 Participants n=30 Participants	85 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	321 Participants n=825 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	1 Participants n=1054 Participants	93 Participants n=97 Participants	101 Participants n=488 Participants	195 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	0 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	15 Participants n=44 Participants	7 Participants n=10 Participants	12 Participants n=30 Participants	8 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	42 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=44 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	1 Participants n=30 Participants	0 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	1 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	15 Participants n=44 Participants	21 Participants n=10 Participants	13 Participants n=30 Participants	24 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	73 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	53 Participants n=44 Participants	60 Participants n=10 Participants	62 Participants n=30 Participants	54 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	229 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	4 Participants n=44 Participants	3 Participants n=10 Participants	4 Participants n=30 Participants	4 Participants n=1054 Participants	0 Participants n=97 Participants	0 Participants n=488 Participants	15 Participants n=825 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	26 Participants n=44 Participants	23 Participants n=10 Participants	21 Participants n=30 Participants	24 Participants n=1054 Participants	93 Participants n=97 Participants	101 Participants n=488 Participants	288 Participants n=825 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	113 participants n=44 Participants	114 participants n=10 Participants	113 participants n=30 Participants	114 participants n=1054 Participants	93 participants n=97 Participants	101 participants n=488 Participants	648 participants n=825 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Birth to child age 6 months

Population: Based on those with complete growth data at birth and 6-months.

Defined as an increase in weight-for-age z-score of \>0.67 units from birth to 6-months of infant age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=79 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=88 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Number of Infants With Rapid Infant Weight Gain	12 Participants	27 Participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Birth to child age 12 months

Defined as an increase in weight-for-age z-score of \>0.67 units from birth to 12-months of infant age

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=78 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=88 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Number of Infants With Rapid Infant Weight Gain	21 Participants	39 Participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Birth to child age 12 months

Weight-for-length ≥97.7th percentile based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=79 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=88 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Number of Overweight Infant Participants (WHO Criteria)	2 Participants	3 Participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Birth to child age 12 months

Weight-for-length ≥95 percentile based on Center for Disease Control

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=78 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=88 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Number of Overweight Infant Participants (CDC Criteria)	4 Participants	8 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Pre-pregnancy to 6-month postpartum

Difference between 6-month postpartum weight and pre-pregnancy weight in kilograms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=74 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=83 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Post-partum Weight Retention	3.23 kg Standard Deviation 13.25	3.70 kg Standard Deviation 9.18	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Prepregnancy to 12-month postpartum

Difference between 12-month postpartum weight and pre-pregnancy weight in kilograms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=74 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=87 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Post-partum Weight Retention	2.01 kg Standard Deviation 8.24	2.99 kg Standard Deviation 6.31	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-month postpartum

Average weekly intake of fruits and vegetables

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=84 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=87 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Diet	1.8 servings/day Standard Deviation 1.5	1.9 servings/day Standard Deviation 1.4	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month postpartum

Frequent intake of fruits and vegetables, measured as those endorsing "nearly daily" or more often.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=75 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=89 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Diet	54 Participants	71 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-month postpartum

Days per week physically active for at least 30 minutes per day

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=85 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=90 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Physical Activity	2.25 days/week Standard Deviation 1.06	2.59 days/week Standard Deviation 1.46	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month postpartum

Self-report (Yes/No) of participation in any moderate-vigorous physical activity. Percentage below represents those endorsing YES to participating in moderate vigorous physical activity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=82 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=86 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Physical Activity	43 Participants	47 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months post-partum

Endorsing PCP visit in the past year.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=75 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=89 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Maternal Adherence to Preventive Health Services	43 Participants	42 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 6-month postpartum

Mean change in paternal BMI from baseline to 6 months postpartum, calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters to report BMI in kg/m\^2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=74 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=73 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Mean Body Mass Index	-0.14 kg/m^2 Standard Deviation 2.48	0.82 kg/m^2 Standard Deviation 3.46	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 12-month postpartum

Mean change in paternal obesity calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters to report BMI in kg/m\^2.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=65 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=71 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Mean Body Mass Index	0.16 kg/m^2 Standard Deviation 1.88	0.60 kg/m^2 Standard Deviation 3.78	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 12-month postpartum

Prevalence of BMI≥30 kg/m2 calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=67 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=74 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Prevalence of Obesity	15 Participants	24 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12-month post-partum

Endorsement of PCP visit in the past year.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=66 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=73 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Adherence to Preventive Health Services	31 Participants	32 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post-partum

Frequent intake of fruits and vegetables, measured as those endorsing "nearly daily" or more often.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=74 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=76 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Diet	54 Participants	52 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months post-partum

Average daily intake of fruits and vegetables

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=66 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=73 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Diet	1.7 servings/days Standard Deviation 1.4	1.3 servings/days Standard Deviation 1.1	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post-partum

Days per week physically active for at least 30 minutes per day

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=74 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=76 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Physical Activity	2.78 days/week Standard Deviation 1.48	3.14 days/week Standard Deviation 1.88	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months post-partum

Participation in moderate/vigorous physical activity (Responding YES)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=66 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=73 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Paternal Physical Activity	43 Participants	47 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 month post-partum

Perceived Stress Scale - 4-item validated scale; Scores range from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=85 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=90 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=75 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=79 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Parental Perceived Stress	4.74 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.96	4.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.02	4.75 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.88	4.42 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.83

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 month post-partum

Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2), scored from 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating increased risk. For purposes of this measure, 'low depression risk' included score 0-2 and 'depression risk' included score 3-6. The percentage reported below represents those with "Increased depression risk (3-6)"

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=85 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=90 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=75 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=79 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Prevalence of Parental Post-partum Depression Risk	10 Participants	5 Participants	5 Participants	6 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 month post-partum

Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2); PHQ-2 positive screen, Total score: 0-6; ≥ 3 → positive depression screen

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=75 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=89 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=66 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=73 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Prevalence of Parental Post-partum Depression	3 Participants	5 Participants	4 Participants	5 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post-partum

Self-reported response questionnaire - has infant ever been breastfed?

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=91 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=95 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=82 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=86 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Prevalence of Breastfeeding Initiation	84 Participants	90 Participants	75 Participants	79 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months post-partum

Age (months) at introduction of solid foods.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=91 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=95 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=82 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=86 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Infant Introduction of Solid Foods	4.7 age (months) Standard Deviation 0.8	4.5 age (months) Standard Deviation 0.6	4.7 age (months) Standard Deviation 0.9	4.5 age (months) Standard Deviation 0.6

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Responding YES to the question: "Does your family currently receive benefits from WIC?"

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=85 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=90 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=77 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=91 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Family Enrollment in Food Assistance Programs	16 Participants	22 Participants	12 Participants	19 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

National Survey of American Families - 2-item validated scale, response of YES to either question was determined positive screen ((1) During the last 12 months, was there a time when you and your family were not able to pay your mortgage, rent or utility bills? (2) During the last 12 months, did you or your children move in with other people even for a little while because you could not afford to pay your mortgage, rent or utility bills?)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	New Parent Intervention - Infant n=93 Participants New Parent Intervention - Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach.	Safety Control- Infant n=101 Participants Safety Control- Infant: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.	New Parent Intervention - Fathers n=93 Participants New Parent Intervention - Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional active and targeted engagement of new parents by a health coach	Safety Control - Fathers n=101 Participants Safety Control- Fathers: This arm will receive the Obstetric and Pediatric primary care provided within MGH obstetric and pediatric primary care practices, with additional infant safety education materials.
Family Housing Insecurity During Intervention Period	6 Participants	4 Participants	7 Participants	6 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Measured at baseline only; not follow-up.

Hager 2-question validated scale - responded YES to either of two questions relating to household food insecurity ((1) Within the past 12 months we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more (2) Within the past 12 months the food we bought just didn't last and we didn't have money to get more)