Trial Outcomes & Findings for INB03 for the Treatment of Pulmonary Complications From COVID-19 (NCT NCT04370236)

NCT ID: NCT04370236

Last Updated: 2026-05-19

Results Overview

Primary Endpoint: Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Analysis of Proportion of Patients with Disease Progression (mITT Population)

Recruitment status

TERMINATED

Study phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Target enrollment

79 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

28 days

Results posted on

2026-05-19

Participant Flow

There were 79 patients enrolled to either INB03 + SOC (n=40) or Placebo + SOC (n=39)

There were no stratification factors and each unblinded pharmacist was provided a randomization schedule unique to the specific site.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
INB03+SOC
This was the group of patients (n=40, 39 were dosed) that was randomized to and received at least one dose of INB03
Placebo+SOC
This was the group of patients (n=39, 38 were dosed) that was randomized and received at least one dose of placebo
Overall Study
STARTED
40
39
Overall Study
mITT - Received at Least One Treatment (INB03 or Placebo)
39
38
Overall Study
Per-Protocol Population
35
38
Overall Study
Safety Population
39
38
Overall Study
COMPLETED
23
28
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
17
11

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Total
n=77 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized
<=50
12 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
16 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
28 Participants
n=60 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
Age, Customized
>50 to 65
14 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
16 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
30 Participants
n=60 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
Age, Customized
>65
13 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
6 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
19 Participants
n=60 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
Sex: Female, Male
Female
18 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
18 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
36 Participants
n=60 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
Sex: Female, Male
Male
21 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
20 Participants
n=30 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
41 Participants
n=60 Participants • Analysis was performed on all patients that were randomized and received at least one dose of INB03 (n=39, v 40 randomized) or Placebo (n=38, v 39 randomized)
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
1 Participants
n=30 Participants
1 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
1 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
8 Participants
n=30 Participants
9 Participants
n=30 Participants
17 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
29 Participants
n=30 Participants
28 Participants
n=30 Participants
57 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=30 Participants
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
1 Participants
n=60 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 28 days

Population: mITT population

Primary Endpoint: Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Analysis of Proportion of Patients with Disease Progression (mITT Population)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Analysis of Proportion of Patients With Disease Progression
10 Participants
6 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion which could be up to Day 70

Population: The mITT population was used for this analysis

Assessing the effect of INB03 on all-cause mortality in participants with pulmonary complications from COVID-19 infection (mITT Population)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion of Patients With All-cause Mortality
4 Participants
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to Day 28

Proportion of participants who transferred to ICU level care by Day 28 (ICU level care is defined as a hospital setting where patient to nurse ratio is \< 4) - mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion Transferred to ICU Level Care by Day 28
7 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to Day 28

Proportion of participants with a new onset of neurologic disease (requiring medical intervention), including stroke by Day 28 (mITT population)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion With New Onset of Neurologic Disease by Day 28
0 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to Day 28

Proportion of participants with evidence of new CHF or new MI requiring medical intervention by Day 28 - mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion With Evidence of New CHF or New MI Requiring Medical Intervention by Day 28
0 Participants
1 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to Day 28

Proportion of participants with a new onset embolus or thrombus by Day 28 - mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion With New Onset Embolus or Thrombus by Day 28
3 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to Day 28

Proportion of participants who develop a need for renal replacement therapy (defined as need for any type of dialysis including intermittent or continuous peritoneal or hemodialysis) by Day 28 - mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion Developing a Need for Renal Replacement Therapy by Day 28
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion, which could be up to Day 70

Proportion of participants with an increase in the WHO Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement score at any time during the study - mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Proportion With an Increase in the WHO Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement Score at Any Time During the Study
32 Participants
37 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Randomization to time of discharge or death, whichever occurs firts

Population: All of the 77 randomized participants in this study were hospitalized during this study.

Length of hospital stay defined as the number of days in hospital from time of randomization to time of discharge or death, whichever occurs first, mITT population

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=39 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=38 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Length of Hospital Stay
9.8 Day
Standard Deviation 10.17
7.1 Day
Standard Deviation 5.76

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Day 40

Population: Not all patients on study reached Day 40. Not all subjects that did reach Day 40 had available samples for each inflammation marker.

Change from Baseline in COVID-19 Specific Inflammation Markers over time in mITT Population - Troponin I

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=9 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=8 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Markers Over Time - Troponin I
-0.01078 ng/ML
Standard Deviation 0.012853
-0.00650 ng/ML
Standard Deviation 0.007851

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Day 40

Population: Not all patients on study reached Day 40. Not all subjects that did reach Day 40 had available samples for each inflammation marker.

Change from Baseline in COVID-19 Specific Inflammation Markers over time in mITT Population - Glomerular Filtration Rate

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Markers Over Time - Glomerular Filtration Rate
10.248 mL/min/1.73m2
Standard Deviation 22.9135
8.174 mL/min/1.73m2
Standard Deviation 28.1151

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Day 40

Population: Not all patients on study reached Day 40. Not all subjects that did reach Day 40 had available samples for each inflammation marker.

Change from Baseline in COVID-19 Specific Inflammation Markers over time in mITT Population - Ferritin

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Markers Over Time - Ferritin
-137589.07 ug/L
Standard Deviation 288986.185
-209886.68 ug/L
Standard Deviation 424843.978

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Day 40

Population: Not all patients on study reached Day 40. Not all subjects that did reach Day 40 had available samples for each inflammation marker.

Change from Baseline in COVID-19 Specific Inflammation Markers over time in mITT Population - D-Dimer

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=17 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Markers Over Time - D-Dimer
-0.896 mg/L FEU
Standard Deviation 2.8691
-0.342 mg/L FEU
Standard Deviation 0.5035

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to Day 40

Population: Not all patients on study reached Day 40. Not all subjects that did reach Day 40 had available samples for each inflammation marker.

Change from Baseline in COVID-19 Specific Inflammation Markers over time in mITT Population - C-Reactive Protein

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
INB03 + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Placebo + Standard of Care
n=19 Participants
Analyzed arms/groups were INB03+SOC and Placebo+SOC
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Markers Over Time - CRP
-1395.162 nmol/L
Standard Deviation 3636.4434
-1148.274 nmol/L
Standard Deviation 3821.7803

Adverse Events

INB03+SOC

Serious events: 8 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 4 deaths

Placebo+SOC

Serious events: 5 serious events
Other events: 10 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
INB03+SOC
n=39 participants at risk
The clinical trial will have two treatment arms - INB03 + SOC or Placebo + SOC. All participants will receive a single dose of study drug by SC injection immediately upon randomization. Participants randomized to receive INB03 will receive INB03 1mg/kg (up to a maximum dose of 90mg) and participants randomized to Placebo will receive a SC injection of normal saline. A second dose of INB03 1mg/kg or Placebo by SC injection will be administered on Study Day 8 to participants who remain in hospital.
Placebo+SOC
n=38 participants at risk
The clinical trial will have two treatment arms - INB03 + SOC or Placebo + SOC. All participants will receive a single dose of study drug by SC injection immediately upon randomization. Participants randomized to receive INB03 will receive INB03 1mg/kg (up to a maximum dose of 90mg) and participants randomized to Placebo will receive a SC injection of normal saline. A second dose of INB03 1mg/kg or Placebo by SC injection will be administered on Study Day 8 to participants who remain in hospital.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute Respiratory Failure
10.3%
4/39 • Number of events 4 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
5.3%
2/38 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac Arrest
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumothorax
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Infections and infestations
Septic Shock
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
2.6%
1/38 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Infections and infestations
COVID-19 pneumonia
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
2.6%
1/38 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Vascular disorders
Hypotension
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory Failure
5.1%
2/39 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary Embolism
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthralgia
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Nervous system disorders
Ischaemic Stroke
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
2.6%
1/38 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Infections and infestations
Pneumonia Bacterial
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
5.3%
2/38 • Number of events 2 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
INB03+SOC
n=39 participants at risk
The clinical trial will have two treatment arms - INB03 + SOC or Placebo + SOC. All participants will receive a single dose of study drug by SC injection immediately upon randomization. Participants randomized to receive INB03 will receive INB03 1mg/kg (up to a maximum dose of 90mg) and participants randomized to Placebo will receive a SC injection of normal saline. A second dose of INB03 1mg/kg or Placebo by SC injection will be administered on Study Day 8 to participants who remain in hospital.
Placebo+SOC
n=38 participants at risk
The clinical trial will have two treatment arms - INB03 + SOC or Placebo + SOC. All participants will receive a single dose of study drug by SC injection immediately upon randomization. Participants randomized to receive INB03 will receive INB03 1mg/kg (up to a maximum dose of 90mg) and participants randomized to Placebo will receive a SC injection of normal saline. A second dose of INB03 1mg/kg or Placebo by SC injection will be administered on Study Day 8 to participants who remain in hospital.
Nervous system disorders
Headache
2.6%
1/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
10.5%
4/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
2.6%
1/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
5.3%
2/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Acute Respiratory Failure
10.3%
4/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
5.3%
2/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumomediastinum
5.1%
2/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory Failure
5.1%
2/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Infections and infestations
Urinary tract infection
10.3%
4/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
0.00%
0/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumonia bacterial
2.6%
1/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
5.3%
2/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hypokalaemia
7.7%
3/39 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.
2.6%
1/38 • Adverse event data was collected from all patients from the time of randomization until Day 70 (or discontinuation from the study)
Adverse event summary is provided below.

Additional Information

CJ Barnum, PhD

INmune Bio, Inc.

Phone: 561-710-0512

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place