Trial Outcomes & Findings for An Observational Study to Evaluate Physical Activity, Bleeding Incidence and Health Related Quality of Life, in Participants With Haemophilia A Without Inhibitors Receiving Standard of Care Treatment (NCT NCT04165135)

107 patients were screened, but 4 patients did not meet the eligibility criteria; in total, 103 participants were enrolled and started the study. Participants took part in this study at 17 investigative sites in Italy from 24 February 2020 up to 28 April 2022.

An Observational Study to Evaluate Physical Activity, Bleeding Incidence and Health Related Quality of Life, in Participants With Haemophilia A Without Inhibitors Receiving Standard of Care Treatment

Physical activity data was collected as daily active minutes measured on each valid day by wearing a fitness tracker continuously during study participation. Valid day = a day in which fitness tracker was worn for at least 10 hours. Daily active minutes were saved in two different sets of data collected by fitness tracker. For each set minutes were categorized by intensity of activity done. First set = minutes categorized according to time collected in each heart zone. Overall heart zone minutes = fat-burn minutes (heart rate: 50-69% of maximum) + cardio minutes (medium-to-high intensity exercise zone corresponds to heart rate: 70-84% of maximum) + peak minutes (high-intensity exercise zone, corresponds to heart rate \> 85% of maximum). Second set =minutes categorized according to active zones. Overall active zone minutes=lightly active minutes +fairly active minutes+very active minutes. Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) minutes=Fairly active minutes+Very active minutes.

Number of steps taken by the participants on each valid day were measured by wearing a fitness tracker continuously during study participation. Valid day was defined as a day in which fitness tracker was worn for at least 10 hours.

The MET is an objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference. The METs were derived as: (amount of kilo calories (kcal) collected in the fat-burn, cardio, and peak minutes) / \[(sum of fat-burn, cardio and peak hours) \* weight of the participant in kilograms (kg)\].

The activity weekly rate was derived on a per participant basis as ratio between the number of times that the type of activity is reported on the fitness tracker (numerator) and the length of the observational period (i.e. end of study date - baseline date + 1) (denominator) and then multiplied by 7. The physical activities were categorized in the following groups: exercises at intervals, gym weights, running, swimming, tapis roulant, walk, general exercises: other types of physical activity identified by the fitness tracker that are not already included in the above-mentioned categories.

The number of active minutes by intensity (lightly, fairly, and very active minutes) were obtained at the participant level on a per activity basis as the median of the values collected by the fitness tracker for each activity recorded during the observational period. In this analysis, the means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the median lightly active minutes by type of physical activity performed by participants with available data. The physical activities were categorized in the following groups: exercises at intervals, gym weights, running, swimming, tapis roulant, walk, general exercises: other types of physical activity identified by the fitness tracker that are not already included in the above-mentioned categories.

The number of active minutes by intensity (lightly, fairly, and very active minutes) were obtained at the participant level on a per activity basis as the median of the values collected by the fitness tracker for each activity recorded during the observational period. In this analysis, the means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the median fairly active minutes by type of physical activity performed by participants with available data. The physical activities were categorized in the following groups: exercises at intervals, gym weights, running, swimming, tapis roulant, walk, general exercises: other types of physical activity identified by the fitness tracker that are not already included in the above-mentioned categories.

The number of active minutes by intensity (lightly, fairly, and very active minutes) were obtained at the participant level on a per activity basis as the median of the values collected by the fitness tracker for each activity recorded during the observational period. The MVPA minutes is the sum of fairly active and very active minutes. In this analysis, the means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the median MVPA minutes by type of physical activity performed by participants with available data. The physical activities were categorized in the following groups: exercises at intervals, gym weights, running, swimming, tapis roulant, walk, general exercises: other types of physical activity identified by the fitness tracker that are not already included in the above-mentioned categories.

A participant was defined "adherent" to WHO guidelines according to the following algorithm: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes). A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines according to the above definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant".

Bleeds that occurred the same day but in different body site were counted separately.

The assessment of bleeds was divided into spontaneous bleeds, traumatic bleeds, and bleeds related to procedure/surgery. Spontaneous bleeds = the occurrence of hemorrhage where neither the participant nor a caregiver could identify a reason. Traumatic bleeds = hemorrhage occurring secondary to an event such as trauma, "strenuous" activity, or "overuse". Bleeds related to procedure/surgery = such as hematomas resulting from any surgeries or invasive procedures.

Sites of bleeds were defined as urine, faeces, and vomit (three sites grouped together), joint, muscle, and other bleeds.

The following types of regimens used to treat haemophilia A are reported here: on-demand (to stop bleeding) and prophylaxis (regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent bleeds). Participants could have received more than one medication.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

An event was considered a treated bleed if coagulation factors were administered to treat signs or symptoms of bleeding (e.g., pain, swelling, etc.).

An event was considered a treated bleed if coagulation factors were administered to treat signs or symptoms of bleeding (e.g., pain, swelling, etc.).

Number of bleeds treated by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, nasal, ophthalmic, oral, rectal, and other routes of administration are reported here.

The adherence to the treatment regimen for haemophilia A was analyzed as the number of bleeds with an answer equal to "Yes" and "My therapeutic plan does not include any treatment in the last week" in the week preceding the bleeding.

The adherence to the treatment regimen for haemophilia A was analyzed as the number of participants with \<80% or ≥80% of weeks on study with "Yes" and "My therapeutic plan does not include any treatment in the last week" over the total number of weeks reported via the ePRO. Missing data from some weeks was treated as "No". The total number of weeks on study for each participant was derived as (End of study date - Baseline date + 1) / 7.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

Participants reported the intensity of pain in their main joints (elbow, knee, ankle) by marking on a visual analogue scale (VAS), a horizontal line 100 millimeters (mm) in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end, where the left extreme means "No pain = 0" while the right extreme means "Worst Pain Imaginable = 100". The VAS score is the distance (in mm) from the left end of the line to the point where the participant marks crossed the line. VAS scale was submitted to the participants every month during the study.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. The EQ-5D-5L includes five levels of severity in each of the five EuroQol-5D dimensions and the EQ VAS. The descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), each dimension having 5 levels (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, and 5=extreme problems). Response options are measured with a 5-point Likert scale. The 5D-5L systems are converted into a single index utility score between 0 to 1, where higher score indicates a better health state and lower score indicate worse health state. EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was submitted to the participants every 3 month from baseline during the study.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. The descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and the other section is an evaluation of the overall health status using VAS. The VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 20 centimeter (cm) vertical VAS from 0 to 100 on how good or bad their health is at assessment; 0 means the worst health imaginable, and 100 means the best health imaginable.

The HJHS is an instrument developed to measure joint health status and to identify early signs of joint disease in children. This tool assesses joints most commonly affected by bleeding (knees, ankles, and elbows). Each of the 6 joints is assessed across 8 domains (Swelling, Duration of Swelling, Atrophy, Crepitus, Flexion Loss, Extension Loss, Pain, and Strength), and a Total Score is calculated as the sum of all joint domain scores. The score range is from 0 to 124 points (a score of 0 indicates no joint damage). A higher score indicates higher joint damage.

The number of days away from school or work (participant) was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from school and/or work and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The number of days away from work was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant (for parents and caregivers) basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from work and duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of hospitalization days and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

Participants who were adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition were defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". A participant was defined "adherent" to WHO guidelines according to the following algorithm: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes). The participants were classified as 'Active' or 'Sedentary' based on data collected from baseline till the end of the study.

The annualized bleeding rate was derived as follows: total number of bleeds/total follow-up (person-year), where the individual's study duration was given by (\[end of study date-baseline date +1\] divided by 365.25). ABR was reported in active and sedentary participants. A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes).

Participants reported intensity of pain in their main joints (elbow, knee, ankle) by marking on a VAS, a horizontal line 100 mm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end, where the left extreme means "No pain = 0" while right extreme means "Worst Pain Imaginable = 100". VAS score is the distance (in mm) from left end of the line to the point where participant marks crossed the line. A participant who was adherent to WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day ≥60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week ≥150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week ≥75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes). VAS scale was submitted to the participants every month during the study.

A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes). Participants can have received more than one medication.

The following types of regimens used to treat haemophilia A are reported here: on-demand (to stop bleeding) and prophylaxis (regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent bleeds). A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes). Participants can have received more than one medication.

A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes).

A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity according to the below definition was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". WHO guidelines for adherence: 12-17 years old: MVPA minutes per day \>= 60 minutes. 18-50 years old: Fairly active (moderate) minutes per week \>= 150 minutes or Very active (vigorous) minutes per week \>= 75 minutes or an equivalent combination of fairly and very active minutes (i.e., considering 1 fairly active minute as 0.5 very active minutes).

EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. EQ-5D-5L includes five levels of severity in each of five EuroQol-5D dimensions and EQ VAS. Descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), each dimension having 5 levels (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, and 5=extreme problems). Response options are measured with a 5-point Likert scale. 5D-5L systems are converted into a single index utility score between 0-1, where higher score indicates a better health state and lower score indicate worse health state. A participant who was adherent to WHO guidelines for physical activity was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was submitted to participants every 3 month from baseline during the study.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. The descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and the other section is an evaluation of the overall health status using VAS. The VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 20 centimeter (cm) vertical VAS from 0 to 100 on how good or bad their health is at assessment; 0 means the worst health imaginable, and 100 means the best health imaginable. A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant".

The HJHS is an instrument developed to measure joint health status and to identify early signs of joint disease in children. This tool assesses joints most commonly affected by bleeding (knees, ankles, and elbows). Each of the 6 joints is assessed across 8 domains (Swelling, Duration of Swelling, Atrophy, Crepitus, Flexion Loss, Extension Loss, Pain, and Strength), and a Total Score is calculated as the sum of all joint domain scores. The score range is from 0 to 124 points (a score of 0 indicates no joint damage). A higher score indicates higher joint damage.

The number of days away from school or work (participant) was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from school and/or work and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The number of days away from work was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant (for parents/caregivers) basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from work and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of hospitalization days and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The annualized bleeding rate was derived as follows: total number of bleeds/total follow-up (person-year), where the individual's study duration was given by (\[end of study date-baseline date +1\] divided by 365.25). A participant who was adherent to the WHO guidelines for physical activity was defined as an "active participant", otherwise as a "sedentary participant". Participants were classified for disease severity at baseline: severe (Factor VIII activity \<1%) or moderate (Factor VIII activity between ≥1% and ≤2%) haemophilia A.

Participants reported the intensity of pain in their main joints (elbow, knee, ankle) by marking on a VAS, a horizontal line 100 mm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end, where the left extreme means "No pain = 0" while the right extreme means "Worst Pain Imaginable = 100". The VAS score is the distance (in mm) from the left end of the line to the point where the participant marks crossed the line. VAS scale was submitted to the participants every month during the study.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

The following types of regimens used to treat haemophilia A are reported here: on-demand (to stop bleeding) and prophylaxis (regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent bleeds). Participants could have received more than one medication.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

Participants could have received more than one medication.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. The EQ-5D-5L includes five levels of severity in each of the five EuroQol-5D dimensions and the EQ VAS. The descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), each dimension having 5 levels (1=no problems, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, and 5=extreme problems). Response options are measured with a 5-point Likert scale. The 5D-5L systems are converted into a single index utility score between 0 to 1, where higher score indicates a better health state and lower score indicate worse health state. EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was submitted to the participants every 3 month from baseline during the study.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal. The descriptive system comprises 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and the other section is an evaluation of the overall health status using VAS. The VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 20 cm vertical VAS from 0 to 100 on how good or bad their health is at assessment; 0 means the worst health imaginable, and 100 means the best health imaginable.

The HJHS is an instrument developed to measure joint health status and to identify early signs of joint disease in children. This tool assesses joints most commonly affected by bleeding (knees, ankles, and elbows). Each of the 6 joints is assessed across 8 domains (Swelling, Duration of Swelling, Atrophy, Crepitus, Flexion Loss, Extension Loss, Pain, and Strength), and a Total Score is calculated as the sum of all joint domain scores. The total score range is from 0 to 124 points (a score of 0 indicates no joint damage). A higher score indicates higher joint damage.

The number of days away from school or work (participant) was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from school and/or work and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The number of days away from work was analyzed every month as a continuous variable. The yearly rate was derived on a per participant (for parents/caregivers) basis as the proportion between the total number of days away from work and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.

The yearly rate was derived on a per participant basis as the proportion between the total number of hospitalization days and the duration of the study (derived as end of study date - baseline date + 1) multiplied by 365.25.