Trial Outcomes & Findings for Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations: Affective Disorders (NCT NCT04090879)

NCT ID: NCT04090879

Last Updated: 2025-04-01

Results Overview

Cigarettes per day will be assessed for use of cigarettes with different nicotine content.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

326 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

16 weeks

Results posted on

2025-04-01

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
RC 1 Only
Research Cigarettes #1 Participants in this group were randomized to receive normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) only, and e-cigarettes were not available. This condition of the intervention applied to these participants throughout all timepoints of the study 1. Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette 2. Altering the availability of e-cigarettes
RC 2 Only
Research Cigarettes #2 Participants in this group were randomized to receive reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g) only, and e-cigarettes were not available. This condition of the intervention applied to these participants throughout all timepoints of the study 1. Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette 2. Altering the availability of e-cigarettes
RC 2 + EC 1
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #1 (participants receive tobacco flavor only) Participants in this group were randomized to receive reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g) only, and tobacco flavor e-cigarettes only. This condition of the intervention applied to these participants throughout all timepoints of the study 1. Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette 2. Altering the availability of e-cigarettes 3. Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
RC 2 + EC 2
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #2 (participants can choose among varying flavors) Participants in this group were randomized to receive reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g) only, and were given availability to a variety of flavors, and thus were able to select preferred flavor. This condition of the intervention applied to these participants throughout all timepoints of the study 1. Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette 2. Altering the availability of e-cigarettes 3. Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
Overall Study
STARTED
83
85
74
84
Overall Study
COMPLETED
67
66
57
70
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
16
19
17
14

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations: Affective Disorders

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
RC 1 Only
n=83 Participants
Research Cigarettes #1 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 Only
n=85 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 + EC 1
n=74 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #1 (participants receive tobacco flavor only) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
RC 2 + EC 2
n=84 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #2 (participants can choose among varying flavors) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
Total
n=326 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
39.77 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.98 • n=99 Participants
39.85 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.28 • n=107 Participants
41.51 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.39 • n=206 Participants
39.38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.59 • n=157 Participants
40.09 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.79 • n=390 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
65 Participants
n=99 Participants
69 Participants
n=107 Participants
50 Participants
n=206 Participants
59 Participants
n=157 Participants
243 Participants
n=390 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
18 Participants
n=99 Participants
16 Participants
n=107 Participants
24 Participants
n=206 Participants
25 Participants
n=157 Participants
83 Participants
n=390 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black, non-Latino
9 Participants
n=99 Participants
6 Participants
n=107 Participants
9 Participants
n=206 Participants
9 Participants
n=157 Participants
33 Participants
n=390 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Latino
4 Participants
n=99 Participants
3 Participants
n=107 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
2 Participants
n=157 Participants
12 Participants
n=390 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White, non-Latino
66 Participants
n=99 Participants
68 Participants
n=107 Participants
60 Participants
n=206 Participants
68 Participants
n=157 Participants
262 Participants
n=390 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Non-Latino other or multiracial
4 Participants
n=99 Participants
8 Participants
n=107 Participants
2 Participants
n=206 Participants
5 Participants
n=157 Participants
19 Participants
n=390 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
83 participants
n=99 Participants
85 participants
n=107 Participants
74 participants
n=206 Participants
84 participants
n=157 Participants
326 participants
n=390 Participants
Population
Females with lower educational level
20 Participants
n=99 Participants
23 Participants
n=107 Participants
16 Participants
n=206 Participants
21 Participants
n=157 Participants
80 Participants
n=390 Participants
Population
OUD
19 Participants
n=99 Participants
19 Participants
n=107 Participants
17 Participants
n=206 Participants
19 Participants
n=157 Participants
74 Participants
n=390 Participants
Population
Affective disorders
44 Participants
n=99 Participants
43 Participants
n=107 Participants
41 Participants
n=206 Participants
44 Participants
n=157 Participants
172 Participants
n=390 Participants
Educational level
<High school
9 Participants
n=99 Participants
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
14 Participants
n=157 Participants
30 Participants
n=390 Participants
Educational level
High school graduate, equivalency, or some college
51 Participants
n=99 Participants
57 Participants
n=107 Participants
46 Participants
n=206 Participants
47 Participants
n=157 Participants
201 Participants
n=390 Participants
Educational level
Associate's degree
8 Participants
n=99 Participants
11 Participants
n=107 Participants
13 Participants
n=206 Participants
11 Participants
n=157 Participants
43 Participants
n=390 Participants
Educational level
≥College graduate
15 Participants
n=99 Participants
13 Participants
n=107 Participants
12 Participants
n=206 Participants
12 Participants
n=157 Participants
52 Participants
n=390 Participants
Marital status
Married
8 Participants
n=99 Participants
15 Participants
n=107 Participants
17 Participants
n=206 Participants
11 Participants
n=157 Participants
51 Participants
n=390 Participants
Marital status
Never married
49 Participants
n=99 Participants
47 Participants
n=107 Participants
36 Participants
n=206 Participants
48 Participants
n=157 Participants
180 Participants
n=390 Participants
Marital status
Divorced, separated, or widowed
26 Participants
n=99 Participants
23 Participants
n=107 Participants
21 Participants
n=206 Participants
25 Participants
n=157 Participants
95 Participants
n=390 Participants
Primarily smokes mentholated cigarettes
32 Participants
n=99 Participants
35 Participants
n=107 Participants
31 Participants
n=206 Participants
33 Participants
n=157 Participants
131 Participants
n=390 Participants
Cigarettes smoked per day
16.42 cigarettes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.02 • n=99 Participants
18.44 cigarettes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.47 • n=107 Participants
17.86 cigarettes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.11 • n=206 Participants
16.90 cigarettes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.85 • n=157 Participants
17.40 cigarettes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.87 • n=390 Participants
Urine cotinine level
4499.25 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3120.20 • n=99 Participants
5235.67 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3251.28 • n=107 Participants
5156.57 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4150.44 • n=206 Participants
5293.33 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3799.45 • n=157 Participants
5043.55 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3680.12 • n=390 Participants
Breath CO level
20.90 ppm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.02 • n=99 Participants
19.30 ppm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.39 • n=107 Participants
21.03 ppm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.38 • n=206 Participants
20.66 ppm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.44 • n=157 Participants
20.46 ppm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.28 • n=390 Participants
Age started smoking regularly
16.61 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.97 • n=99 Participants
15.92 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.91 • n=107 Participants
16.24 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.84 • n=206 Participants
16.79 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.15 • n=157 Participants
16.39 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.26 • n=390 Participants
FTND total score
5.12 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.24 • n=99 Participants
5.31 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.20 • n=107 Participants
5.26 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.31 • n=206 Participants
4.70 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.07 • n=157 Participants
5.09 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.21 • n=390 Participants
Used other tobacco products, past 30 days
5 Participants
n=99 Participants
4 Participants
n=107 Participants
5 Participants
n=206 Participants
9 Participants
n=157 Participants
23 Participants
n=390 Participants
Used e-cigarettes, past 30 days
13 Participants
n=99 Participants
11 Participants
n=107 Participants
5 Participants
n=206 Participants
13 Participants
n=157 Participants
42 Participants
n=390 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 16 weeks

Population: Participants who completed week 16 of study

Cigarettes per day will be assessed for use of cigarettes with different nicotine content.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
RC 1 Only
n=67 Participants
Research Cigarettes #1 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 Only
n=66 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 + EC 1
n=57 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #1 (participants receive tobacco flavor only) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
RC 2 + EC 2
n=70 Participants
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #2 (participants can choose among varying flavors) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
Cigarettes Per Day
22.54 cigarettes per day
Standard Error 1.59
14.32 cigarettes per day
Standard Error 1.32
11.76 cigarettes per day
Standard Error 1.18
7.63 cigarettes per day
Standard Error 0.90

Adverse Events

RC 1 Only

Serious events: 9 serious events
Other events: 71 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

RC 2 Only

Serious events: 4 serious events
Other events: 74 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

RC 2 + EC 1

Serious events: 4 serious events
Other events: 62 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

RC 2 + EC 2

Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 72 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
RC 1 Only
n=83 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #1 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 Only
n=85 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 + EC 1
n=74 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #1 (participants receive tobacco flavor only) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
RC 2 + EC 2
n=84 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #2 (participants can choose among varying flavors) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric disorders - Other
3.6%
3/83 • Number of events 3 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Esophageal perforation
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
General disorders
Irritability
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Tumor Pain
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
Pregnancy, puerperium, and perinatal conditions
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Surgical and medical procedures
Surgical and medical procedures - Other
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/85 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Vascular disorders
Hypertension
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Cardiac disorders
Chest pain - cardiac
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/85 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
General disorders
Fever
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/85 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Renal and urinary disorders
Renal calculi
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/85 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
General disorders
Death NOS
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Dehydration
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/84 • 16 weeks
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hyperglycemia
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/84 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumonitis
0.00%
0/83 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/85 • 16 weeks
0.00%
0/74 • 16 weeks
1.2%
1/84 • Number of events 1 • 16 weeks

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
RC 1 Only
n=83 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #1 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 Only
n=85 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette
RC 2 + EC 1
n=74 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #1 (participants receive tobacco flavor only) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
RC 2 + EC 2
n=84 participants at risk
Research Cigarettes #2 plus E-cigarettes #2 (participants can choose among varying flavors) Either normal nicotine content cigarettes (15.8mg/g) or reduced nicotine content cigarettes (0.4mg/g): 1) Altering the nicotine content of the tobacco research cigarette E-Cigarettes: 1) Altering the availability of e-cigarettes; 2) Altering option to personalize the e-liquid in the e-cig condition
Psychiatric disorders
OASIS Score Increase
38.6%
32/83 • Number of events 51 • 16 weeks
36.5%
31/85 • Number of events 43 • 16 weeks
41.9%
31/74 • Number of events 42 • 16 weeks
36.9%
31/84 • Number of events 40 • 16 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
BDI Category Increase
34.9%
29/83 • Number of events 51 • 16 weeks
34.1%
29/85 • Number of events 40 • 16 weeks
35.1%
26/74 • Number of events 34 • 16 weeks
29.8%
25/84 • Number of events 41 • 16 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric disorders
32.5%
27/83 • Number of events 53 • 16 weeks
32.9%
28/85 • Number of events 43 • 16 weeks
25.7%
19/74 • Number of events 27 • 16 weeks
28.6%
24/84 • Number of events 37 • 16 weeks
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
27.7%
23/83 • Number of events 38 • 16 weeks
31.8%
27/85 • Number of events 44 • 16 weeks
24.3%
18/74 • Number of events 40 • 16 weeks
21.4%
18/84 • Number of events 35 • 16 weeks
General disorders
General disorders and administration
21.7%
18/83 • Number of events 25 • 16 weeks
28.2%
24/85 • Number of events 27 • 16 weeks
21.6%
16/74 • Number of events 20 • 16 weeks
26.2%
22/84 • Number of events 27 • 16 weeks
Infections and infestations
Infections and infestations
19.3%
16/83 • Number of events 17 • 16 weeks
27.1%
23/85 • Number of events 24 • 16 weeks
10.8%
8/74 • Number of events 11 • 16 weeks
11.9%
10/84 • Number of events 13 • 16 weeks
Nervous system disorders
Nervous system disorders
8.4%
7/83 • Number of events 8 • 16 weeks
21.2%
18/85 • Number of events 23 • 16 weeks
20.3%
15/74 • Number of events 19 • 16 weeks
11.9%
10/84 • Number of events 11 • 16 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal disorders
10.8%
9/83 • Number of events 14 • 16 weeks
20.0%
17/85 • Number of events 25 • 16 weeks
18.9%
14/74 • Number of events 20 • 16 weeks
20.2%
17/84 • Number of events 23 • 16 weeks
Vascular disorders
Vascular disorders
12.0%
10/83 • Number of events 13 • 16 weeks
15.3%
13/85 • Number of events 15 • 16 weeks
10.8%
8/74 • Number of events 10 • 16 weeks
19.0%
16/84 • Number of events 30 • 16 weeks
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
13.3%
11/83 • Number of events 14 • 16 weeks
18.8%
16/85 • Number of events 16 • 16 weeks
9.5%
7/74 • Number of events 7 • 16 weeks
14.3%
12/84 • Number of events 12 • 16 weeks
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
7.2%
6/83 • Number of events 7 • 16 weeks
4.7%
4/85 • Number of events 7 • 16 weeks
5.4%
4/74 • Number of events 4 • 16 weeks
6.0%
5/84 • Number of events 8 • 16 weeks
Surgical and medical procedures
Surgical and medical procedures
2.4%
2/83 • Number of events 2 • 16 weeks
3.5%
3/85 • Number of events 3 • 16 weeks
6.8%
5/74 • Number of events 5 • 16 weeks
4.8%
4/84 • Number of events 4 • 16 weeks
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac disorders
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 6 • 16 weeks
2.4%
2/85 • Number of events 4 • 16 weeks
4.1%
3/74 • Number of events 4 • 16 weeks
6.0%
5/84 • Number of events 5 • 16 weeks

Additional Information

Jennifer W. Tidey

Brown University

Phone: 4018636418

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place