Trial Outcomes & Findings for Reducing Health Disparities in Childhood Obesity (NCT NCT04072549)
NCT ID: NCT04072549
Last Updated: 2026-05-22
Results Overview
Change in Body Mass Index age=sex specific z-score. 0 represents the 50th percentile. A reduction of 0.15 is considered clinically meaningful in an already obese population
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
651 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline and 3 months
Results posted on
2026-05-22
Participant Flow
This number reflects the number of parents who expressed interest in participating, completed the informed consent document, but who we were never able to recontact.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Intervention Group
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free summer day camp. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The summer day camp that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The summer day camp provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
260
|
248
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
253
|
234
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
7
|
14
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Reducing Health Disparities in Childhood Obesity
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=223 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=199 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
Total
n=422 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
8.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=2 Participants
|
8.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=4 Participants
|
8.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
101 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
101 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
202 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
122 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
98 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
220 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
117 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
98 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
215 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
86 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
72 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
158 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
20 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
49 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=2 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6 Participants
|
|
BMI
|
.736 z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.15 • n=2 Participants
|
.704 z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.19 • n=4 Participants
|
.721 z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.168 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Physical Activity
|
68.7 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 34.9 • n=2 Participants
|
67.3 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 34.1 • n=4 Participants
|
68.06 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 34.54 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Sleep
|
517 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 45.38 • n=2 Participants
|
511.98 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 43.88 • n=4 Participants
|
514.49 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 44.33 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Screen Time
|
123.3 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 100.9 • n=2 Participants
|
124.2 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 105.2 • n=4 Participants
|
123.7 minutes per day
STANDARD_DEVIATION 102.9 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Fruit
|
.749 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .43 • n=2 Participants
|
.78 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .41 • n=4 Participants
|
.7640 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .42 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Vegetables
|
.650 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .476 • n=2 Participants
|
.659 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .473 • n=4 Participants
|
.654 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .475 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Fast Food
|
.203 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .402 • n=2 Participants
|
.194 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .39 • n=4 Participants
|
.199 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .399 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Soda
|
.185 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .388 • n=2 Participants
|
.151 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .359 • n=4 Participants
|
.170 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .375 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Dairy
|
.762 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .42 • n=2 Participants
|
.754 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .430 • n=4 Participants
|
.759 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .42 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
100% Fruit Juice
|
.553 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .497 • n=2 Participants
|
.484 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .49 • n=4 Participants
|
.522 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .499 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Uncarbonated Flavored Drink
|
.4707 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .499 • n=2 Participants
|
.483 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .499 • n=4 Participants
|
.477 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .499 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Chips
|
.560 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .496 • n=2 Participants
|
.546 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .498 • n=4 Participants
|
.55 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .49 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Desserts
|
.5 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .500 • n=2 Participants
|
.499 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .5001 • n=4 Participants
|
.50 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .50 • n=6 Participants
|
|
Diet
Frozen Desserts
|
.222 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .41 • n=2 Participants
|
.269 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .4440 • n=4 Participants
|
.243 items consumed
STANDARD_DEVIATION .4295 • n=6 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 monthsPopulation: These numbers reflect the participants who had complete measures on the primary outcome.
Change in Body Mass Index age=sex specific z-score. 0 represents the 50th percentile. A reduction of 0.15 is considered clinically meaningful in an already obese population
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=223 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=199 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
BMI Age-Sex Specific Z-Score
|
-.048 z-score
Standard Error .025
|
.046 z-score
Standard Error .027
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsAccelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes per day)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=201 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=170 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity
|
77.4 minutes per day
Standard Error 2
|
58 minutes per day
Standard Error 2.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsAccelerometer-derived sleep (minutes per day)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=152 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=157 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
Sleep
|
522.34 minutes per day
Standard Error 3.522
|
527.08 minutes per day
Standard Error 3.957
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsParent report of child dietary intake
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=211 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=183 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
Diet
Dairy
|
.712 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .452
|
.638 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .480
|
|
Diet
100% Juice
|
.530 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .499
|
.434 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .495
|
|
Diet
Soda
|
.537 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .498
|
.498 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .500
|
|
Diet
Uncarbonated Flavored Drinks
|
.674 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .468
|
.644 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .478
|
|
Diet
Chips
|
.6352 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .481
|
.583 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .493
|
|
Diet
Desserts
|
.550 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .497
|
.570 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .495
|
|
Diet
Frozen Desserts
|
.237 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .425
|
.334 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .471
|
|
Diet
Fast Food
|
.194 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .395
|
.224 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .417
|
|
Diet
Fruit
|
.708 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .454
|
.725 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .446
|
|
Diet
Vegetables
|
.631 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .482
|
.629 Items consumed
Standard Deviation .482
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsParent report of screen time usage (minutes per day)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=201 Participants
The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program
|
Control Group
n=170 Participants
The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual"
|
|---|---|---|
|
Screen Time
|
145.7 minutes per day
Standard Error 6.3
|
161.7 minutes per day
Standard Error 6.6
|
Adverse Events
Intervention Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control Group
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place