Trial Outcomes & Findings for Targeting Attention Orienting to Social Threat to Reduce Social Anxiety in Youth (NCT NCT03932032)

NCT ID: NCT03932032

Last Updated: 2026-04-29

Results Overview

Posttreatment event related potential amplitude elicited during the emotional faces dot probe task. The investigators focused specifically on the P1 amplitude time-locked to the onset of emotional facial stimuli in the dot probe task. P1 amplitude was measured using EEG methodology. Higher scores indicate greater allocation of neural resources when viewing stimuli in the dot probe task, which can be interpreted as an indicator of greater attention orientation to emotional facial stimuli.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

206 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

Results posted on

2026-04-29

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Neutral Control Task
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Overall Study
STARTED
101
105
Overall Study
COMPLETED
89
97
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
12
8

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Targeting Attention Orienting to Social Threat to Reduce Social Anxiety in Youth

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=105 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Neutral Control Task
n=101 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Total
n=206 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
11.78 age in years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.44 • n=9 Participants
11.82 age in years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.61 • n=24 Participants
11.80 age in years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.53 • n=23 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
64 Participants
n=9 Participants
63 Participants
n=24 Participants
127 Participants
n=23 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
41 Participants
n=9 Participants
38 Participants
n=24 Participants
79 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
5 Participants
n=9 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
6 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=9 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
10 Participants
n=9 Participants
11 Participants
n=24 Participants
21 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
72 Participants
n=9 Participants
74 Participants
n=24 Participants
146 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
16 Participants
n=9 Participants
13 Participants
n=24 Participants
29 Participants
n=23 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=23 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
54 Participants
n=9 Participants
51 Participants
n=24 Participants
105 Participants
n=23 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
49 Participants
n=9 Participants
49 Participants
n=24 Participants
98 Participants
n=23 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=9 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=23 Participants
P1 amplitude elicited in the dot-probe task
6.56 microvolts
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.14 • n=9 Participants
5.92 microvolts
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.75 • n=24 Participants
6.23 microvolts
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.47 • n=23 Participants
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents
99.29 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.01 • n=9 Participants
101.98 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.86 • n=24 Participants
100.66 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.92 • n=23 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

Posttreatment event related potential amplitude elicited during the emotional faces dot probe task. The investigators focused specifically on the P1 amplitude time-locked to the onset of emotional facial stimuli in the dot probe task. P1 amplitude was measured using EEG methodology. Higher scores indicate greater allocation of neural resources when viewing stimuli in the dot probe task, which can be interpreted as an indicator of greater attention orientation to emotional facial stimuli.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
P1 Amplitude Elicited in the Dot-probe Task
5.61 microvolts
Standard Deviation 4.34
7.04 microvolts
Standard Deviation 4.85

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Follow-up (six months after completing the final treatment session)

Follow-up P1 event related potential amplitude elicited during the emotional faces dot probe task. The investigators focused specifically on the P1 amplitude time-locked to the onset of emotional facial stimuli in the dot probe task. P1 amplitude was measured using EEG methodology. Higher scores indicate greater allocation of neural resources when viewing stimuli in the dot probe task, which can be interpreted as an indicator of greater attention orientation to emotional facial stimuli.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
P1 Amplitude Elicited in the Dot-probe Task
4.98 microvolts
Standard Deviation 4.52
5.64 microvolts
Standard Deviation 4.34

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

posttreatment clinician rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents. It is a clinician rated measure of the severity of youths' social anxiety symptoms. Total scores range from 0 to 144, with higher scores representing more severe social anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents
87.55 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.65
84.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.93

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Follow-up (six months after completing the final treatment session)

Follow-up clinician rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents. It is a clinician rated measure of the severity of youths' social anxiety symptoms. Total scores range from 0 to 144, with higher scores representing more severe social anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents
76.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.07
74.76 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

posttreatment parent rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Version (SCARED-P). The SCARED-P is a parent rated measure of the severity of youths' anxiety symptoms, including social anxiety. Total scores on the SCARED-P range from 0 to 82, with higher scores representing more severe anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Version at Posttreatment
27.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.16
28.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.38

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Follow-up (six months after completing the final treatment session)

follow up parent rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Version (SCARED-P). The SCARED-P is a parent rated measure of the severity of youths' anxiety symptoms, including social anxiety. Total scores on the SCARED-P range from 0 to 82, with higher scores representing more severe anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Version at Follow up
22.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.81
24.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

posttreatment child rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Child Version (SCARED-C). The SCARED-C is a child rated measure of the severity of youths' anxiety symptoms, including social anxiety. Total scores on the SCARED-C range from 0 to 82, with higher scores representing more severe anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Child Version at Posttreatment
27.68 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.16
31.89 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.01

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Follow-up (six months after completing the final treatment session)

Follow up child rating of youth social anxiety symptom severity. A single rating is made to characterize overall social anxiety symptom severity aggregated over the past 7 days. The name of the measure is the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Child Version (SCARED-C). The SCARED-C is a child rated measure of the severity of youths' anxiety symptoms, including social anxiety. Total scores on the SCARED-C range from 0 to 82, with higher scores representing more severe anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Child Version at Follow-Up
20.79 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.33
28.25 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.85

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

posttreatment State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children - State Subscale (STAIC-S) administered before a 3-minute speech task. Participants were told that they would give a video-recorded speech about their strengths and weaknesses for three minutes, and then given three minutes to prepare for the speech. At the end of the three-minute preparation period, participants were administered the STAIC-S. The STAIC-S measures state (momentary) levels of anxiety. Total scores range from 20 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
State Anxiety Before a Speech Task
34.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.81
36.38 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.02

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Follow-up (six months after completing the final treatment session)

Follow-up State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children - State Subscale (STAIC-S) administered before a 3-minute speech task. Participants were told that they would give a video-recorded speech about their strengths and weaknesses for three minutes, and then given three minutes to prepare for the speech. At the end of the three-minute preparation period, participants were administered the STAIC-S. The STAIC-S measures state (momentary) levels of anxiety. Total scores range from 20 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
State Anxiety Before a Speech Task
33.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.11
35.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.68

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: post-intervention (within one week of completing the final treatment session)

posttreatment State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children - State Subscale (STAIC-S) administered after a 3-minute speech task. Participants were told that they would give a video-recorded speech about their strengths and weaknesses for three minutes, and then given three minutes to prepare for the speech. At the end of the three-minute preparation period, participants gave the speech. After giving the speech, they were administered the STAIC-S. The STAIC-S measures state (momentary) levels of anxiety. Total scores range from 20 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
State Anxiety After a Speech Task
34.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.15
35.39 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.42

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 6 months after completing the final treatment session

follow-up State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children - State Subscale (STAIC-S) administered after a 3-minute speech task. Participants were told that they would give a video-recorded speech about their strengths and weaknesses for three minutes, and then given three minutes to prepare for the speech. At the end of the three-minute preparation period, participants gave the speech. After giving the speech, they were administered the STAIC-S. The STAIC-S measures state (momentary) levels of anxiety. Total scores range from 20 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Neutral Control Task
n=89 Participants
Neutral Control Task uses the same computer-based format as Attention Bias Modification Treatment, but includes only neutral stimuli and does not train attention.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment
n=97 Participants
Attention Bias Modification Treatment is a computer-based attention training program.
State Anxiety After a Speech Task
33.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.05
33.75 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.95

Adverse Events

Attention Bias Modification Treatment

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Neutral Control Task

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Jeremy Pettit

Florida International University

Phone: 3053481671

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place