Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Postprandial Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Markers in South Asian Adults (NCT NCT03898206)
NCT ID: NCT03898206
Last Updated: 2026-04-21
Results Overview
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for glucose
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
54 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Measured over the 5 hour condition period
Results posted on
2026-04-21
Participant Flow
A total of 54 South Asians (BMI\>18.0 kg.m\^2) aged between 18 and 75 years who were able to walk and perform LPA were recruited; data collection was performed between April 2019 and March 2020.
Due to an acute bout of physical activity enhancing insulin sensitivity for up to 72 h, each condition was separated by a minimum of three days to eliminate potential carryover effects of the activity conditions. Female participants were asked to indicate the expected date of their menstruation. Based on the information, they were tested between 1 and 10 days in their follicular phase only to minimise the influence of hormonal fluctuations on blood glucose concentrations.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT), Then Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) in Normal-weight
Firstly, participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the INT-SIT condition.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT), Then Prolonged Sitting (SIT) in Normal-weight
Firstly, participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing a walking activity, they will return to the seated position. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the SIT condition.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT), Then Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) in Overweight/Obese
Firstly, participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the INT-SIT condition.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT), Then Prolonged Sitting (SIT) in Overweight/Obese
Firstly, participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing a walking activity, they will return to the seated position. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the SIT condition.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
First Intervention (1 day)
STARTED
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
20
|
|
First Intervention (1 day)
COMPLETED
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
20
|
|
First Intervention (1 day)
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Washout (3 days)
STARTED
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
20
|
|
Washout (3 days)
COMPLETED
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
20
|
|
Washout (3 days)
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Second Intervention (1 day)
STARTED
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
20
|
|
Second Intervention (1 day)
COMPLETED
|
4
|
4
|
10
|
9
|
|
Second Intervention (1 day)
NOT COMPLETED
|
3
|
3
|
10
|
11
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT), Then Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) in Normal-weight
Firstly, participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the INT-SIT condition.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT), Then Prolonged Sitting (SIT) in Normal-weight
Firstly, participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing a walking activity, they will return to the seated position. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the SIT condition.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT), Then Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) in Overweight/Obese
Firstly, participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the INT-SIT condition.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT), Then Prolonged Sitting (SIT) in Overweight/Obese
Firstly, participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing a walking activity, they will return to the seated position. After a washout period of at least 3 days, they then performed the SIT condition.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Second Intervention (1 day)
Participants were unable to attend the laboratory due to COVID-19 first national lockdown.
|
3
|
3
|
10
|
11
|
Baseline Characteristics
Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Postprandial Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Markers in South Asian Adults
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
All Study Participants With Normal Weight
n=14 Participants
All participants with normal weight were randomised to receive all interventions, including the SIT and INT-SIT.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
All Study Participants With Overweight/Obese
n=40 Participants
All participants with overweight/obese were randomised to receive all interventions, including the SIT and INT-SIT.
Prolonged sitting (SIT): See SIT arm description
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks (INT-SIT): See INT-SIT arm description
|
Total
n=54 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Waist circumference
|
74.3 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8 • n=13 Participants
|
91.8 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.3 • n=13 Participants
|
87.2 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.2 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
46.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.1 • n=13 Participants
|
44.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.2 • n=13 Participants
|
44.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.5 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
8 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
6 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Sub-Ethnic origin · Bangladeshi
|
2 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Sub-Ethnic origin · Indian
|
9 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Sub-Ethnic origin · Paskistani
|
1 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Sub-Ethnic origin · Nepali
|
2 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=13 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United Kingdom
|
14 participants
n=13 Participants
|
40 participants
n=13 Participants
|
108 participants
n=26 Participants
|
|
Body mass index (BMI)
|
21.3 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=13 Participants
|
27.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.0 • n=13 Participants
|
26.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.5 • n=26 Participants
|
|
% of Body fat
|
23.6 %
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.8 • n=13 Participants
|
32.6 %
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=13 Participants
|
30.2 %
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Walking speed
|
2.5 km.h-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=13 Participants
|
2.7 km.h-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=13 Participants
|
2.6 km.h-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Systolic Blood Pressure
|
117.3 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 • n=13 Participants
|
123.3 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.1 • n=13 Participants
|
121.8 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.7 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Diastolic Blood Pressure
|
80.3 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.0 • n=13 Participants
|
79.3 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 • n=13 Participants
|
79.8 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.8 • n=26 Participants
|
|
Heart rate
|
71.7 beats.min-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 • n=13 Participants
|
76.2 beats.min-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 • n=13 Participants
|
75.0 beats.min-1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 94 • n=26 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for glucose
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Postprandial Glucose
|
1.46 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.09 to 1.84
|
1.43 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.05 to 1.71
|
1.74 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.41 to 2.06
|
1.53 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.2 to 1.85
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for triglycerides
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Postprandial Triglycerides
|
0.35 mmol.L-1. 5 h-1
Interval 0.07 to 0.64
|
0.23 mmol.L-1. 5 h-1
Interval -0.05 to 0.52
|
0.67 mmol.L-1. 5 h-1
Interval 0.45 to 0.89
|
0.63 mmol.L-1. 5 h-1
Interval 0.41 to 0.85
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for insulin
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Postprandial Insulin
|
24.69 mU.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 16.89 to 32.5
|
26.95 mU.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 19.14 to 34.75
|
44.19 mU.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 35.5 to 51.87
|
41.12 mU.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 32.44 to 49.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for the Metabolic Load Index (MLI). The MLI will be calculated using the following equation: MLI (mmol.L-1) = blood glucose (mmol.L-1) + TAG (mmol.L-1). Lower values of MLI are considered better for cardiometabolic health!
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Metabolic Load Index
|
1.76 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.07 to 2.44
|
1.60 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 0.91 to 2.29
|
2.39 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.98 to 2.79
|
2.17 mmol.L-1.5 h-1
Interval 1.76 to 2.57
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured for the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for resting energy expenditure
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Resting Energy Expenditure
|
0.22 kcal.min-1
Interval 0.02 to 0.42
|
0.21 kcal.min-1
Interval 0.01 to 0.41
|
0.18 kcal.min-1
Interval 0.13 to 0.22
|
0.23 kcal.min-1
Interval 0.18 to 0.27
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured for the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for resting fat oxidation
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Resting Fat Oxidation
|
3.21 mg.min-1
Interval -6.35 to 12.76
|
0.67 mg.min-1
Interval -8.89 to 10.23
|
2.42 mg.min-1
Interval -3.33 to 8.18
|
2.12 mg.min-1
Interval -3.62 to 7.85
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured for the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Incremental area under the curve for each 5 h condition will be calculated for resting carbohydrate oxidation
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Resting Carbohydrate Oxidation
|
44.28 mg.min-1
Interval -7.05 to 95.61
|
54.75 mg.min-1
Interval 3.43 to 106.08
|
43.57 mg.min-1
Interval 26.53 to 60.61
|
52.38 mg.min-1
Interval 35.2 to 69.57
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) over the 5 h conditions. The following formula will be used to calculate MAP, where P is blood pressure (systolic or diastolic): MAP = PDiastolic + 1/3 (PSystolic - PDiastolic).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean Arterial Pressure
|
89.17 mmHg
Interval 85.96 to 92.38
|
87.24 mmHg
Interval 84.03 to 90.45
|
94.22 mmHg
Interval 92.05 to 96.38
|
93.33 mmHg
Interval 91.16 to 95.51
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured over the 5 hour condition periodPopulation: South Asians
Mean heart rate over the 5 h conditions
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Normal-weight South Asians
n=8 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
Prolonged Sitting (SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will remain seated for 5 h and instructed to reduce excessive movement, only rising from the chair to void.
Prolonged sitting: See Prolonged sitting arm description
|
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT) for Overweight/Obese South Asians
n=19 Participants
Participants will rise from the seated position every 30 min throughout the experimental period to walk on a motorised treadmill at a light intensity walking (as determined during the preliminary test) for 5 min. Participants will start walk on a treadmill at 30 min (so physical activity would be at 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min), 120 min (physical activity will be 120-125 min), 150 min (physical activity will be at 150-155 min ), and 180 min (physical activity will be at 180-185 min) in the breakfast postprandial period and 30 min (physical activity will be 30-35 min), 60 min (physical activity will be at 60-65 min), and 90 min (physical activity will be at 90-95 min) in the lunch postprandial period. After performing walking activity, they will return to the seated position.
Breaking up sitting with walking breaks: See Breaking up sitting with walking breaks arm description
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Heart Rate
|
67.50 beats.min-1
Interval 64.37 to 70.62
|
67.62 beats.min-1
Interval 64.49 to 70.74
|
69.24 beats.min-1
Interval 66.92 to 71.56
|
69.76 beats.min-1
Interval 67.44 to 72.08
|
Adverse Events
Prolonged Sitting (SIT)
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Breaking up Sitting With Walking Breaks (INT-SIT)
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place