Aztreonam for Pharyngeal Gonorrhea

Summary

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) as one of the nation's top three urgent AMR threats. Since the advent of antibiotics in the 1930s, NG has developed resistance to every first-line antibiotic. Parenteral third-generation cephalosporins are now the only class of drug with consistent efficacy against NG. New therapies are urgently needed. Although some novel antimicrobials are under development, reevaluating older drugs is another option for quickly identifying additional treatments for gonorrhea. We propose a demonstration study to test a single dose of aztreonam for the treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea. We chose to focus on pharyngeal gonorrhea because these infections are common, play an important role in fostering gonococcal resistance, and are harder to eradicate than genital infections. Although aztreonam appears to be \>98.6% efficacious for anogenital NG, its efficacy at the pharynx may be less. Only 8 cases of pharyngeal gonorrhea have been documented to be treated with aztreonam, but of those, only 5 (62.5%) were cured. The dose used in those studies was 1g of aztreonam. Most antibiotics have a lower efficacy at the pharynx than anogenital sites, which is likely due to drug pharmacokinetics, i.e. difficulty in penetrating pharyngeal tissue. Thus, in the proposed study, we plan to treat 50 subjects with untreated pharyngeal gonorrhea with 2g IM Aztreonam.

Objectives:

The proposed study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a single 2g intramuscular (IM) dose of aztreonam in the treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea. Secondary objectives include documenting the efficacy stratified by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared with the previously document area under the curve (AUC) in order to estimate a pharmacodynamic criterion. We will also attempt to determine whether aztreonam monotherapy induces antimicrobial resistance among treatment failures. Lastly, we will evaluate the tolerability of 2g of IM aztreonam. The specific aims are:

1. Determine the proportion of persons whose pharyngeal gonococcal infections are cured with a single dose of 2g aztreonam intramuscularly.
2. Determine the proportion of persons with urethral and/or rectal gonorrhea whose infections are cured with a single dose of 2g aztreonam IM.
3. Evaluate the tolerability of 2g IM of aztreonam .
4. Estimate the best pharmacodynamics criterion (i.e. AUC/MIC ratio) for pharyngeal gonorrhea treated with aztreonam using previously published AUC for 2g aztreonam and NG isolate MIC.
5. Among treatment failures, conduct exploratory analyses comparing pre- and post-treatment MIC for evidence of induced resistance.

Study Design: Prospective cohort

Study Population \& Inclusion Criteria:

Persons diagnosed with pharyngeal gonorrhea or gonococcal urethritis who are undergoing pharyngeal gonorrhea testing, who are not yet treated.

Intervention: 2g IM aztreonam x 1

Primary Outcome: Negative gonorrhea culture 4-7 days (+/- 1 day) after treatment

Sample Size: 50 persons

Conditions

• Gonorrhea of Pharynx
• Gonorrhea

Interventions

DRUG

Aztreonam

2g IM Aztreonam

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Washington

  lead OTHER

Principal Investigators

• Lindley Barbee, MD, MPH · University of Washington

Study Design

Allocation

NA

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Eligibility

Min Age

16 Years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Timeline & Regulatory

Start

2019-04-05

Primary Completion

2019-09-30

Completion

2019-09-30

FDA Drug

Yes

Countries

• United States

Study Locations