Trial Outcomes & Findings for Pay-it-forward RCT for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing (NCT NCT03741725)
NCT ID: NCT03741725
Last Updated: 2020-07-07
Results Overview
Dual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake as assessed by administrative records in each arm.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
301 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hours
Results posted on
2020-07-07
Participant Flow
Unit of analysis: cluster of participants
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
First, participants were provided a brief introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Then, participants were offered a gift of free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing made available by donations from previous testers, and asked whether they would like to donate money (pay-it-forward) for future men to receive the same option.
Pay-it-forward: Participants were offered a gift of free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing made available by donations from previous testers, and asked whether they would like to donate money (pay-it-forward) for future men to receive the same option.
|
Pay-what-you-want
First, participants were provided a brief introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Then, participants were offered gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing and told that they could decide and pay any desired amount after receiving the test.
Pay-what-you-want: Participants were offered gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing and told that they could decide and pay any desired amount after receiving the test.
|
Standard of Care
First, participants were provided a brief introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Then, participants were offered gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing at the standard patient price.
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|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
101 10
|
100 10
|
100 10
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
101 10
|
100 10
|
100 10
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0 0
|
0 0
|
0 0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=101 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=100 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=100 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
Total
n=301 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
28.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
26.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.6 • n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
29.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
28.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Age, Customized
<= 30 years
|
66 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
74 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
66 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
206 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Age, Customized
>30 years
|
32 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
19 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
31 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
82 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=101 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
101 Participants
n=101 Participants
|
100 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
100 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
301 Participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
0 Participants
n=101 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
101 Participants
n=101 Participants
|
100 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
100 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
301 Participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=101 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=100 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
China
|
101 participants
n=101 Participants
|
100 participants
n=100 Participants
|
100 participants
n=100 Participants
|
301 participants
n=301 Participants
|
|
Marital status
Never married
|
87 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
84 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
81 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
252 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Marital status
Other (engaged, married, divorced or separated)
|
11 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
9 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
16 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
36 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Highest education completed
Middle school or below
|
5 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
5 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
6 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
16 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Highest education completed
High/vocational school
|
8 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
9 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
10 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
27 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Highest education completed
College or above
|
85 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
79 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
81 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
245 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Annual income (USD)
<2,680
|
11 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
13 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
9 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
33 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Annual income (USD)
2,681- 5,360
|
7 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
9 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
10 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
26 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Annual income (USD)
5,361- 8,934
|
17 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
15 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
11 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
43 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Annual income (USD)
8,935- 14,294
|
23 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
23 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
30 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
76 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Annual income (USD)
>14,294
|
40 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
33 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
37 Participants
n=97 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
110 Participants
n=288 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them.
|
|
Number of sex partners in the past three months, Categorical
0-1
|
47 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
47 Participants
n=91 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
42 Participants
n=91 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
136 Participants
n=278 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
|
Number of sex partners in the past three months, Categorical
Multiple
|
49 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
44 Participants
n=91 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
49 Participants
n=91 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
142 Participants
n=278 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. Two additional participants in pay-it-forward, two in pay-what-you-want, and six in standard-of-care did not respond to this question.
|
|
Had anal sex in the past three months
Yes
|
84 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
73 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
77 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
234 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
Had anal sex in the past three months
No
|
14 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
20 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
19 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
53 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional person in standard-of-care did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
Condom use frequency during anal sex in the past three months
Non-use
|
5 Participants
n=84 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
5 Participants
n=73 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
4 Participants
n=77 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
14 Participants
n=234 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
|
Condom use frequency during anal sex in the past three months
Sometimes
|
6 Participants
n=84 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
9 Participants
n=73 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
9 Participants
n=77 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
24 Participants
n=234 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
|
Condom use frequency during anal sex in the past three months
Often
|
21 Participants
n=84 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
24 Participants
n=73 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
24 Participants
n=77 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
69 Participants
n=234 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
|
Condom use frequency during anal sex in the past three months
Always
|
52 Participants
n=84 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
35 Participants
n=73 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
40 Participants
n=77 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
127 Participants
n=234 Participants • Only participants who reported having had anal sex in the past three months were asked this question about condom use during anal sex.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
Never tested
|
6 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
14 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
6 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
26 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
< once every two years
|
15 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
9 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
9 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
33 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
Once a year
|
23 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
16 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
24 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
63 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
Every six months
|
26 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
24 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
26 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
76 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
Every three months
|
21 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
25 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
27 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
73 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
|
HIV testing frequency in the past two years
Monthly
|
7 Participants
n=98 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
5 Participants
n=93 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
4 Participants
n=96 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
16 Participants
n=287 Participants • 3 in pay-it-forward arm, 7 in pay-what-you-want arm, and 3 in standard-of-care arm did not complete or submit their survey questionnaires. Hence, demographic and behavioral information is lacking for them. One additional participant in the standard-of-care arm did not respond to this specific survey question.
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursDual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake as assessed by administrative records in each arm.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=101 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=100 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=100 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Received the Dual Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Testing
|
57 Participants
|
46 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursPopulation: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed include the participants who received the Dual Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Testing
The number of men who tested positive for gonorrhea through this study. Samples were collected either from urine or rectum.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=57 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=46 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=18 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Tested Positive for Gonorrhea
|
1 Participants
|
2 Participants
|
2 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursPopulation: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed include the participants who received the Dual Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Testing
The is the number of men who tested positive for chlamydia through this study
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=57 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=46 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=18 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Tested Positive for Chlamydia
|
8 Participants
|
8 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursCost per test, defined as the cost associated with respective interventions (development, start-up, implementation, intervention) per individual who reported testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia following the intervention; economic test and financial cost are reported separately.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=101 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=100 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=100 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cost Per Test
Using economic cost
|
11.24 USD
Standard Deviation 1.64
|
9.67 USD
Standard Deviation 1.46
|
6.12 USD
Standard Deviation 1.12
|
|
Cost Per Test
Using financial cost
|
6.52 USD
Standard Deviation 1.48
|
6.56 USD
Standard Deviation 1.26
|
1.46 USD
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursCost per diagnosis, defined as the cost associated with respective interventions (development, start-up, implementation, intervention) per individual who tested positive for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia following the intervention. Cost using economic cost and financial cost were respectively reported.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=101 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=100 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=100 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cost Per Diagnosis
Using economic cost
|
11.24 USD
Standard Error 1.66
|
9.67 USD
Standard Error 1.45
|
6.12 USD
Standard Error 1.13
|
|
Cost Per Diagnosis
Using financial cost
|
6.52 USD
Standard Error 1.47
|
6.56 USD
Standard Error 1.29
|
1.46 USD
Standard Error 0.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursPopulation: Those are participants who filled out this questionnaire among those who participated in the study. In total, 3 participants did not respond in Pay-it-for-ward, 7 in Pay-what-you-want, and 3 in Standard of Care.
Number of participants who reported yes/no to specific questions on the awareness of and/or participation in MSM-related causes, organizations, or community events
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=98 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=93 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=97 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever encouraged someone to use MSM-relate · Yes
|
77 Participants
|
72 Participants
|
70 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever participated in online forums or dis · Yes
|
78 Participants
|
64 Participants
|
61 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever participated in online forums or dis · No
|
17 Participants
|
28 Participants
|
29 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Are you aware of any ongoing MSM-related community · Yes
|
48 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
37 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Are you aware of any ongoing MSM-related community · No
|
45 Participants
|
62 Participants
|
52 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever encouraged someone to use MSM-relate · No
|
16 Participants
|
20 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever attended MSM-related community event · Yes
|
31 Participants
|
23 Participants
|
23 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever attended MSM-related community event · No
|
63 Participants
|
69 Participants
|
69 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever donated to MSM-related causes, event · Yes
|
41 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
23 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever donated to MSM-related causes, event · No
|
55 Participants
|
62 Participants
|
71 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever volunteered for MSM-related causes · Yes
|
19 Participants
|
13 Participants
|
14 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants Reporting Community Engagement Activities
Have you ever volunteered for MSM-related causes · No
|
74 Participants
|
78 Participants
|
76 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursPopulation: Some participants declined to answer certain questions. Hence, the number analyzed in some rows is different from the overall number analyzed.
Community connectedness scales include six statements and Likert scale response ranging from 1= Strongly disagree, 2= Agree, 3= Disagree, and 4= Strongly agree. For each scale item, the range spans across 1 to 4, with higher score indicating more agreement with the statement and potentially higher community connectedness.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=98 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=93 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=97 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
You feel that you are a part of the MSM community.
|
3.32 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.74
|
3.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
|
3.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.63
|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
Participating in MSM community is a positive thing
|
3.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.77
|
3.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
3.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
You are proud of the MSM community
|
2.75 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.87
|
2.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
2.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
Important for you to advocate for the community
|
3.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.67
|
3.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
3.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.70
|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
If you all work together, problems will be solved
|
2.92 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
2.86 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.69
|
2.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.69
|
|
Community Connectedness Scale Scores
Any problems faced by the MSM are also yours
|
3.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.60
|
3.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
3.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.63
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: During enrollment visit, an approximate total of 1.5 hoursPopulation: Some participants chose to decline certain questions, which resulted in numbers analyzed in some rows being different from the overall number analyzed.
Social cohesion is a scale made of seven statements and Likert response to them ranging from 1= strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4= strongly agree. Those questions asked about the feelings of being able to depend on a larger MSM community (i.e., tongzhi circle, gay online networks or groups). For each item, the range spans across 1 to 4. For items 1 to 5, the higher score, the more agreement with the statement and potentially the higher social cohesion. Item 6 and 7 are reversely scored, meaning that the higher the score, the lower social cohesion potentially.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pay-it-forward
n=98 Participants
Men in pay-it-forward were told that the standard price of the gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that previous participants who cared about them donated toward testing fees. Thus, men in the pay-it-forward arm received a free test, and then decided whether, and if so how much to donate toward future testing for others. Participants were shown postcards and told that testing and donating were voluntary.
|
Pay-what-you-want
n=93 Participants
After being introduced to the testing and the study, men in the pay-what-you-want arm were told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB ($22US), and that they would receive free testing and then decide the amount that they would like to pay for their own test.
|
Standard-of-care
n=97 Participants
Men in the standard of care arm received the same introduction to gonorrhea and chlamydia testing as the men in the other two arms. They were then told that the standard price of gonorrhea and chlamydia testing was 150RMB (US$22) and they had to pay the full amount for the their testing.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
You can count on other MSM if you need a place
|
2.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.81
|
2.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
|
2.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
MSM in your group only worry about themselves
|
2.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
2.54 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
|
2.47 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.67
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
You can count on other MSM to lend money
|
2.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.84
|
2.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
|
2.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
You can count on other MSM to talk about problems
|
2.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.69
|
2.86 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.75
|
2.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.53
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
MSM you socialize with is an integrated group
|
2.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
2.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
2.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.68
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
You can trust the majority of the MSM you know.
|
2.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
2.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.71
|
2.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
|
|
Social Cohesion Scale Scores
MSM you socialize with are always arguing
|
2.31 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.69
|
2.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.77
|
2.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
Adverse Events
Pay-it-forward
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Pay-what-you-want
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Standard-of-care
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Weiming Tang
University of North Carolina, Project-China
Phone: +86-15920567132
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place