Trial Outcomes & Findings for Accelerated Theta Burst in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Dose Finding and Biomarker Study (NCT NCT03680781)

NCT ID: NCT03680781

Last Updated: 2026-04-21

Results Overview

A 21 item clinical assessment tool used to rate a patient's level of depression. The total scores range from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

40 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Difference between baseline and follow up at one month after the final aiTBS treatment (on day 5)

Results posted on

2026-04-21

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
Participants receive intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Bilateral DLPFC
Participants will receive bilateral iTBS (to the left DLPFC and right DLPFC), with option to dose escalate from 600 to 1800 pulses per session.
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
0
Overall Study
STARTED
40
0
Overall Study
Participants who dose-escalated
0
0
Overall Study
COMPLETED
37
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
Participants receive intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Bilateral DLPFC
Participants will receive bilateral iTBS (to the left DLPFC and right DLPFC), with option to dose escalate from 600 to 1800 pulses per session.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
1
0
Overall Study
Physician Decision
1
0
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
1
0

Baseline Characteristics

Accelerated Theta Burst in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Dose Finding and Biomarker Study

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=37 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
33 Participants
n=13 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
4 Participants
n=13 Participants
Age, Continuous
44 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.12 • n=13 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
17 Participants
n=13 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
20 Participants
n=13 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
37 Participants
n=13 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
4 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
29 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=13 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
4 Participants
n=13 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Difference between baseline and follow up at one month after the final aiTBS treatment (on day 5)

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

A 21 item clinical assessment tool used to rate a patient's level of depression. The total scores range from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=36 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21-Item Score
Baseline
23.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.61
Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21-Item Score
one month after aiTBS treatment
9.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.79

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately post treatment, 2 weeks post treatment, 4 weeks post treatment

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

The HAMD-17 is a 17-item rating scale questionnaire administered by clinicians to rate a patient's level of depression . The total scores range from 0 to 52 with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=37 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17)
Baseline
22.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.52
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17)
Immediate Post-Treatment
8.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.96
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17)
2 Weeks Post Treatment
6.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.84
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17)
4 Weeks Post Treatment
8.94 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.42

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately post treatment, 2 weeks post treatment, 4 weeks post treatment

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

A rating scale that measures the current intensity of specific attitudes, behaviors, and plans to commit suicide. The total scores range from 0 to 38 with higher scores indicating greater suicidality.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=34 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in The Scale for Suicide Ideation
2 Weeks Post Treatment
0.77 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36
Change in The Scale for Suicide Ideation
4 Weeks Post Treatment
0.38 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
Change in The Scale for Suicide Ideation
Baseline
3.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.22
Change in The Scale for Suicide Ideation
Immediate Post Treatment
1.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.80

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Every day of stimulation on days (visits) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

The HAMD-6 is a shorter, six-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-D) that measures core symptoms of major depressive disorder, such as depressed mood, guilt and anxiety. The total scores range from 0 to 22 with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=22 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6)
Day 1 (Visit 1)
12.29 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.38
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6)
Day 2 (Visit 2)
9.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.61
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6)
Day 3 (Visit 3)
8.20 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.97
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6)
Day 4 (Visit 4)
7.50 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.03
Change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-6)
Day 5 (Visit 5)
5.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.59

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately post-treatment, 4 weeks post-treatment

We will assess functional connectivity as seen on resting state fMRI, between the subcallosal cingulate to the default mode network and within the default mode network.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediately post-treatment, 4 weeks post-treatment

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression symptoms. The total scores range from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=23 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Baseline
27.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.40
Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Immediately Post Treatment
11.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.12
Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
4 Weeks Post Treatment
10.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, immediate post-treatment, 4 weeks post-treatment

Population: Participants with available data at the respective time point

The MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) is a 10-item diagnostic tool used by clinicians to assess the severity of depression by scoring symptoms on a 0-60 scale with higher scores indicating worse depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC
n=37 Participants
Participants receive iTBS to the left DLPFC 1,800 pulses per session.
Change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Baseline
30.54 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.68
Change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Immediate Post Treatment
10.72 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.85
Change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
4 weeks post treatment
12.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.51

Adverse Events

Accelerated Theta Burst Treatment - Left DLPFC

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Protocol Director

Stanford University

Phone: 650-800-6920

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place