Trial Outcomes & Findings for Kick Out Parkinson's Disease- Karate Intervention (NCT NCT03555695)

Kick Out Parkinson's Disease- Karate Intervention

The Timed Up \& Go (TUG) is a well-validated, brief measure of mobility. To complete this assessment, subjects sit in a standard arm chair and are instructed that when the team member says "Go", they should stand up from the chair, walk at their normal pace to a taped line, turn, walk back to their chair at a normal pace, and sit down again. The study team member will record the TUG results in seconds using a stopwatch. A lower TUG result indicates greater mobility. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.

The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC) is a single-item rating scale that asks subjects to rate their overall response to the intervention using a 7-point rating scale. Percentages of subjects endorsing each of the 7 response options will be compared. This scale will be completed at the post-intervention focus group.

Validated 8-item PD-specific health-related quality of life measure; lower scores (score range 0-100) indicate better quality of life

Attendance at twice weekly classes, measured by karate instructors

Number of individuals answering "Yes"

The Functional Reach Test (FRT) is a brief, valid, reliable, and practical assessment of balance. This test involves a yardstick being mounted on a wall at shoulder height. The subject is asked to stand next to the yardstick, extend the arm closest to the wall at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion, and the distance is recorded. The subject is then asked to reach as far as he or she can forward without taking a step, and the distance is recorded again. The difference between start and end position is the reach distance. Greater reach distances indicate better balance. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.

The Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT) consists of 2 subscales: balance tests (9 items, scored from 0-16) and gait tests (7 items, scored from 0-12), where higher scores reflect better performance. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a brief, 14-item highly validated scale for measuring anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items), where scores of \>8 for either anxiety or depression indicate probable symptoms. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.

In the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the subject uses a reference key to pair specific numbers with given abstract geometric figures in 90 seconds. Scores are the correct number of pairs made in 90 seconds, with greater scores indicating greater cognitive abilities. Scores at the pre-and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.

The Digit Span Test (DST) tests the number of digits a subject can recall in the correct order after hearing them. The experimenter says numbers slowly at one second intervals. Subjects are asked to repeat the numbers in the order they were given. A subject's digit span is the number of items they are able to report back in order correctly. Scores at the pre-and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.

During the six month follow-up phone call, subjects will be asked whether they have continued to participate in any structured karate or martial arts classes. If yes, frequency and location of these classes will be asked. If no, reasons for lack of participation will be asked. Larger numbers of "yes" responses would indicate program sustainability.