Trial Outcomes & Findings for ATN 151 Work-to-Prevent: Employment as HIV Prevention (NCT NCT03313310)

Participants will be recruited in clinics serving young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transwomen (YTW) of color, and local gathering places for YMSM and YTW. Participants will be asked to refer potentially eligible friends or acquaintances. Passive recruitment will include posting study flyers and describing the study on social media.

ATN 151 Work-to-Prevent: Employment as HIV Prevention

The Information Systems Success Model (ISSM) will be used to assess for intervention acceptability and satisfaction. The 21-item scale measures four sub-domains: information quality, handbook quality, perceived usefulness, and overall satisfaction. Every item is scored on a 1-5 scale, with 1 being "Strongly Disagree" and 5 being "Strongly Agree". Responses are averaged within each sub-domain to produce four sub-domain scores. The four sub-domain scores are then averaged to produce an overall ISSM score (1-5; higher scores indicate higher acceptability/satisfaction).

Workshop completion will be used to assess for intervention feasibility, as the workshop sessions are the intervention. Workshop completion will be defined as having attended at least two of the four workshop sessions and will be measured by tracking participant attendance.

Job seeking self-efficacy is defined as one's perceived ability and confidence to perform job search and application activities. The 12-item Job Seeking Self-Efficacy (JSS) scale uses response values on a 1-10 score, with 1 being "Not at All Confident" and 10 being "Very Confident". Responses are averaged to yield a total score, with higher scores indicating higher self-efficacy. Change in JSS will be calculated by subtracting the JSS score at baseline (T1) from the JSS score at the 8-month follow-up (T3) (-9 to +9; negative change indicates decreased self-efficacy, while positive change indicates increased self-efficacy).

Protean career attitudes (PCAs) are defined as having self-direction in the pursuit of success in one's work. PCAs have previously been found to be associated with positive career satisfaction and self-perceived success. The validated 7-item scale measures two sub-domains: self-directed attitudes and values-driven attitudes. Every item is scored on a 1-5 scale, with 1 being "Strongly Disagree" and 5 being "Strongly Agree". Responses are averaged within each sub-domain to produce two sub-domain scores, which are then averaged as well to produce an overall PCA score. Change in PCA score will be calculated by subtracting the score at baseline (T1) from the score at the 8-month follow-up (T3) (-4 to +4; negative change indicates decreased PCAs, while positive change indicates increased PCAs).

Employment status will be assessed using self-reported average number of hours worked each week. Change in hours worked per week will be calculated by subtracting the baseline (T1) value from the follow-up (T3) value (negative change indicates fewer hours worked per week, while positive change indicates more hours work per week).

Sexual risk behaviors will be measured using 6 yes/no items assessing for engagement in the following behaviors during the past 6 months (this refers to the 6 months prior to the baseline visit for the first assessment and 6 months prior to the 8 month visit for the second assessment) for Phase 2, and the last 3 months for Phase 3: 1. condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with male partner of unknown HIV status 2. anal intercourse with 3 or more males 3. sex with male partner with a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) 4. CAI with HIV+ male partner 5. anal intercourse with condom failure 6. transactional sex work involvement Responses will be averaged at each assessment. Change in sexual risk behaviors will be calculated by subtracting the average at baseline from the average at the 8-month follow-up (range: -1 to +1; negative change indicates fewer sexual risk behaviors, while positive change indicates more sexual risk behaviors).

Chlamydia infection will be assessed at baseline and follow-up using an oral sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. The number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Chlamydia infection will be assessed at baseline and follow up using an anal sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. Number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Chlamydia infection will be assessed at baseline and follow up using a urine sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. Number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Gonorrhea infection will be assessed at baseline and follow-up using an oral sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. Number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Gonorrhea infection will be assessed at baseline and follow-up using an anal sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. Number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Gonorrhea infection will be assessed at baseline and follow-up using an oral sample. The test yields a positive (1) or negative (0) result. Number of positive test results at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

HIV infection will be assessed at follow-up using reactive HIV testing. Test results yield: Reactive or Non-reactive. Participants who reported HIV+ status will not be tested. A reactive HIV result will be defined as those with a "Reactive" result. Reported new HIV+ status is defined as those who report positive HIV status at follow-up and who were tested for HIV, with a non-reactive result, at baseline.

Self-reported condomless anal intercourse will be measured using 2 yes/no items assessing for engagement in the following behaviors during the past 6 months (this refers to the 6 months prior to the baseline visit for the first assessment and 6 months prior to the 8 month visit for the second assessment) for Phase 2, and the last 3 months for Phase 3: 1. CAI with male partner of unknown HIV status 2. CAI with HIV+ male partner Number of yes responses at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Self-reported sex with a male partner with a sexually transmitted infection during the past 6 months (this refers to the 6 months prior to the baseline visit for the first assessment and 6 months prior to the 8 month visit for the second assessment) for Phase 2, and the last 3 months for Phase 3, will be measured using a yes/no item. Number of yes responses at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Self-reported anal intercourse where the condom broke or slipped during the past 6 months (this refers to the 6 months prior to the baseline visit for the first assessment and 6 months prior to the 8 month visit for the second assessment) for Phase 2, and the last 3 months for Phase 3, will be measured using a yes/no item. Number of yes responses at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.

Self-reported transactional sex work involvement during the past 6 months (this refers to the 6 months prior to the baseline visit for the first assessment and 6 months prior to the 8 month visit for the second assessment) for Phase 2, and the last 3 months for Phase 3, will be measured using a yes/no item. Number of yes responses at baseline and follow-up will be calculated.