Trial Outcomes & Findings for Comparing Opioid Prescription Patterns in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients (NCT NCT03236155)

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Self-reported by patient, we are asking for the number of Oxycodone taken by patients (5mg doses). This will be verified with patient bringing their pill bottle in and counted by a study investigator.

Postoperative total hip and total knee arthroplasty patient reported outcomes at 90 days (All reported as scores on a scale, ranges below.). For hips: Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (Hoos Jr), for knees: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Replacement, (Koos Jr), additionally, all will complete the Veterans Rand-12 outcome (VR-12). All outcomes, closer to 100 are better outcomes. HOOS, JR: Questions coded 0 - 4 points, none - extreme pain, scored by summing responses (range 0-24), convert to t-score. Answer ranges 0 - 100 (0 - total hip disability, 100 -perfect hip health). KOOS, Jr: Same but for Knees VR-12: Assesses physical functioning, physical/ mental limitations. Scored as summary of mental/physical, measure in standard deviations out of 100 points, where a score of 100 shows a patient's health functioning physically and mentally at their their best, zero represents a worse outcome.

Complications will be recorded as follows post-operatively for 90 days following surgery; any patient that has a DVT/Pulmonary embolism, any return to the operating room within 90-days, any re-admission to the hospital within 90-days, Any report of superficial infection, any report of deep infection, a periprosthetic fracture of the joint replaced, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, report of dislocation, or patients who report opioid withdrawal.

This will be done as monitored through the Illinois prescription monitoring program, collecting data on each patient enrolled to be sure that patients do not receive additional narcotic prescriptions beyond what is provided to them as part of the study.

Utilizing Preop Koos Jr, Preop Hoos Jr, and Pre operative VR-12, all subjects will be asked to provide a pre-operative patient reported outcome to compare to post-operative patient reported outcomes. All reported as scores on a scale, ranges below. HOOS, JR: Questions coded 0 to 4 points, none to extreme pain, scored by summing responses (range of 0-24), convert to interval score ranges 0 to 100 (0 - total hip disability, 100 -perfect hip health). KOOS, Jr: Same but for Knees VR-12: Assesses physical functioning, physical/ mental limitations. Scored as summary of mental and physical, measure in standard deviations. The scale range is 0 to 100, where a score of 100 represents the best physical and mental health and zero is the worst outcome.

Utilizing the defense \& veterans pain rating scale, patients enrolled will be asked at multiple time points after surgery regarding their pain. This is a pain assessment tool, using numerical rating scale, 0 (no pain), 1, 2, and 3 (mild), 4, 5, and 6 (moderate), 7, 8, and 9 (severe) to 10 (worst pain possible). The higher the score, the more pain.

Using the primary outcome of number of opioids taken by the patients while inpatient, those will be converted into morphine equivalents. This was obtained from the hospital chart during the patient's inpatient stay.

Using a Defense and Veterans Pain Rating scale, patients were asked from date of surgery to the date of discharge for daily inpatient pain scores. This is a pain assessment tool, using numerical rating scale, 0 (no pain), 1, 2, and 3 (mild), 4, 5, and 6 (moderate), 7, 8, and 9 (severe) to 10 (worst pain possible). The higher the score, the more pain.

304 opioid naïve patients undergoing THA or TKA between August 2017 and April 2018, reporting number of pills not used Illinois prescription monitoring program- utilized to confirm no other physician prescribed opiates to the participating patients. They were asked at each visit regarding unused medications and brought to the office to properly dispose.